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The great storm scene alone will thunder forever in your memories. You will encounter with Copperfield:
the evil, chilling Uriah Heep,
the mental and physical destruction of his mother by a Puritanical,untilitarian step-father,
the always in-debt Mr. Mawcawber who somehow transcends his economic and egocentric needs into something noble,
the betrayal of Copperfield by his best friend and Copperfield's shattered emotions by this betrayal,
the ruination of another close friend's reputation, and her step-by-step climb back out of the mire,
Copperfield's own passionate step into marriage while too young with an irresponsible, yet innocent child-woman, her death,
Copperfield's own rise from poverty and orphanhood into worldly success but empty life until mature love rescues him.
Dickens has a real gift for creating people that irritate you, yet gradually you come to love them - just like folks in real life. If you never have read Dickens, come meet David Copperfield. You'll find that your impressions of David from the brief snippets by critics, teachers, reviewers, professors and know-it-alls completely different than the Real Thing.
The story is simple enough to start. David's mother marries a man, Murdstone, who makes life hell for her and young David. David has the courage to rebel against the tyrant and is sent off to boarding school and later to a blacking factory. For readers who want to compare childhood rebellion to authority in the movies, Alexander's defiance of the Bishop in Ingmar Bergman's great movie, Fanny and Alexander, is equally dramatic and sad.
David runs away and finds his Aunt Betsey Trotwood, who takes him in and supports him, with a little help from her wise/fool companion Mr. Dick. This is story enough for many novelists, but it is only the beginning for Dickens. David has yet to meet one of the great villains in literature, that "Heap of infamy" Uriah Heep. Uriah's villainy is terrible because it is hidden under a false pretense of humilty and service to others. The final confrontation between Heap and Micawber is one of the great scenes in literature.
None of what I have said answers the question, Why read this book more than once? The most important answer to this question for the nonacademic reader is "for the fun of it." From cover to cover this novel gives so much pleasure that it begs to be read again. We want to revisit David's childhood and his confrontation with the terrible Mr. Murdstone. Mr. Micawber is one of Dickens's great creations and anytime he is part of the action we can expect to be entertained. When we pair Micawber with Heap we have the explosive combination which results in the confrontation mentioned earlier in this review.
These brief examples only scratch the surface of the early 19th century English world Dickens recreates for the reader. Some other of Dickens' novels like Bleak House may be concerned with more serious subjects, but none lay claim to our interest more than Dickens' personal favorite "of all his children," that is, David Copperfield. Turn off the television, pick a comfortable chair, and be prepared to travel along with David Copperfield as he tells us the story of his life.
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When I saw Levy's book in the bookstore at the University of Washington it caught my attention immediately. Reading it was like going back in time, to the woods behind our house, where my fascination with animals and their modes of attack and self-defense originated. Levy's book is for all the kids (including the ones over 30) who find something intriguing about the microscopic kingdoms hidden under a log, or in a pond, and the ferocious battles that are wage there.
Evolution wouldn't exist without competition. The subtitle in Levy's book elaborates on the content: "A three-billion-year arms race." This is a book about plants and animals, and how they evolved to eat and escape from each other. The ones that are most effective in either evading or executing capture are the ones that propagate their DNA, and the result of this battle of pursuit and escape over the last 2 billion or so years has been some truly amazing life forms, employing some really interesting solutions.
Like any good book, Levy begins at the beginning, describing a little about the competition that existed among the very first forms of life on earth. Throughout the book, Levy describes different dimensions of the conflict. Some dimensions lead to flight, others to eyes, some to incredible speed and agility, others to stealth, and still others to ears of great acuity. Many conflicts resulted in chemical defenses. And some of the most bizarre resulted in camouflage.
A common theme throughout Levy's book is the manner in which evolution, over hundreds of millions of years, has resulted in extraordinarily complicated and refined mechanisms for both defense and attack. The discussion about bats, for example, describes how these small mammals use their acoustic sonar to track flying insects with the sort of accuracy we (who, by comparison, hardly use our ears at all) can scarcely imagine. Reading the section on bats, I had to remind myself that, while they do some incredible things with sound, animals with eyes do equally impressive feats with their eyes. Bats can decipher an incredible amount of information in an unbelievably complex mix of acoustic signals. Animals with eyes, on the other hand, manage to make sense of a bewildering barrage of electromagnetic radiation, and even discern the tiger in the grass. It's just that the difference in the evolutionary paths our ancestors took is so incredible that I cannot imagine doing with my ears what comes naturally to those bats with their ears.
Levy frequently compares the evolutionarily designed characteristics of animals with what we see in modern war machines. The flying bat, for example, hones in on its prey with far greater efficiency and accuracy than any guided missile. The chemical sensors in the noses of many animals are sensitive to an extraordinary degree. Some fish bring down flying insects by spitting water at them. To make the kill, they have to account for relative motion, and parabolic flight of the water drops. Other fish (the Anableps dowi) spend a lot of time near the surface of the water. To search for objects in both the water and the air, they have to account for the difference in the index of refraction in the air, and under water. The solution? They have evolved two eyes: one for seeing above water, and one for seeing below.
Of the many features in this book, some of the best are the many excellent black-and-white line drawings. The book is full of them (they average about every other page). It's also well written, and has a generous index. The subject matter is what captured me, though. If you are someone who finds fascination in the incredible, but possibly little-known facts about animals, especially insects, then I think you will enjoy this book as much as I did. It certainly kept my attention. It's one of those books I had difficulty putting down.
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I found a copy of this book at a garage sale and wondered what is Hypatia In Kingsley's preface he suggests that an innocent or tender reader might rather not know. It was a violent era, those first five hundred years after the time of Jesus. Kingsley is right. Even more than I wish I didn't know, I wish this didn't happen.
One of the best things the author says in the whole book is an aside to one of the faithful cautioning that this church might not be God's. You read it and see if you hear it that way. Probably Kingsley didn't like the Catholic Church anyway. I can't say that I blame him right now.
As the Roman empire settled into its form of Christianity, social conflicts resembled the teachings of Jesus not at all. They much more resembled issues of power, acqusition of land, holding of influence.
I wonder how I could live half a lifetime and not know Hypatia's story. For some reason, I am enraged to learn her story from a prolific church writer.
Kingsley writes well enough. He takes a true historical horror and wraps it in plot. I could point to the characters as archetypes and symbols that constellate around various types of betrayal of beauty or truth.
Kingsley creates a fiction to wrap the unthinkable truth. Then he messes a bit with the history and the clerical consciousness of the times and in that, he may be well informed.
Kingsley's portrayal of Hypatia's murder reads more euphemistically than the histories I found using a search engine online.
The already plundered and dominated pagans and Goths were fast becoming the 'minorities' subject to Roman ethnic cleansing. In fact, many of the seasonal celebrations of the pagan religions were co-opted as we know to drag people into the state religion.
Hypatia, the graceful, scholarly, astute, and renown daughter of a father who believed in education no matter the gender of the child ... Hypatia, called The Mathematician, becomes an illustrious teacher in Alexandria ...
her death at the hands of an enraged mob is seen as the end of the classical era and the beginning of the dark dark ages ... it is a dark story. I hate that this story can be true.
Kingsley gives us Hypatia as she lectures, counsels Orestes, and ignores the jealous and hostile church men who seem to play Iago/Saliere to her genius, health, and scholarly devotion. While Hypatia enrages them for her celibacy she is also suspected by them, Kingsley suggests, of sharing more than counsel with the governor. This fantasy of her influence may have been what made her dangerous enough to murder.
Who knows ... whether she was as dangerous as these hostile rivals found her to be. Certainly she threatened them to the extent that they had to look in her mirror and see themselves.
Kingsley's Hypatia's is tragic because her flaw is a pride in her aristocracy and freedom of thought and opinion. She either did not accept or did not notice the exclusive claims of this new religion on her mind and opinions.
Too bad for her, she gets murdered in the cruelest manner.
History speculates, but no one really knows, that Peter the Reader and Cyril the bishop (later St. Cyril I believe) intended to and did incite the mob against Hypatia. Thus ending the life of their rival for the governor's ear ... and the people's.
Kingsley apparently believes or allows the reader to speculate that the churchmen orchestrated this murder and blamed the mob for it.
Unlike St. Joan, Hypatia was not elevated later by a guilty church. I was surprised to find that Kingsley takes us, with one of his charaters, right into the church where Hypatia was dragged, defenseless, stripped of her clothing, and cut to pieces by a mob, we think, of Christians wielding tiles made of mollusk shells ... other sources say these people scraped her flesh from her bones with these weapons ...
Euphemistic as Kingsley's scene in the church is, Hypatia screams until she dies and then her body burned. I supposed this book needs to be read now, sickening and heartbreaking as it is, because now we need to look at our species and the things we have done in the name of righteousness.
When our conflicts are truly about power, resources, position, image, our righteousness is a poor disguise. No one believes it any more.
And hatred for independent thinking and aloof beauty, is, well, certainly not God's work or love's work, and is not welcome on the planet.
It is no wonder we've had to rehabilitate a belief in our little daughters that they can, after all, do math. There'a memory to heal by facing it.
Yes, the church tortured and burned women to death. And sometimes other people who were hated for some scapegoating reason ... This is true. In Hypatia's case, there's evidently no historical acknowledgement of the church's role.
Otherwise, Hypatia might also be sainted today. But I cannot think she'd like that. Do I recommend Kingsley's book? I cannot recommend it any more than Kingsley does in his preface.
But here is another dark truth we need to know. It is a part of who we are, I think.