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In Niven's biography, we follow Van Buren from his impoverished roots through his rise in New York state government. Although not perfect, Van Buren had enough political astuteness and the right sort of temperment to help create and lead a party machine and elevate New York's prominence on a national level. Becoming a trusted advisor to Andrew Jackson and a member of his cabinet eventually led to his Vice Presidency and then the Presidency. With a major financial crash occurring right as he got into office, Van Buren was struggling right off the bat, and wound up serving only a single term; nonetheless, in an era of one-term presidents (from 1837 to 1861, no president was re-elected), Van Buren was hardly thrown into ignonimy after his defeat; instead, he remained a powerful member of the Democratic party for the next two decades.
Niven's biography is generally favorable although he doesn't hide Van Buren's flaws. We learn of a man who was not a great ideologue but was one of the most masterful politicians of his era, holding his own with the often more prominent figures such as Jackson, Calhoun, Clay and Webster. He also wound up being a prominent figure in the anti-slavery movement, even running on the Free-Soil ticket at one point.
At times, however, this biography is a bit ponderous and often focuses so much on the political part of Van Buren's life that the personal part is pushed aside. Thus, although this may be the best Van Buren biography available (it may also be the only one), I cannot give it a full five stars. Nonetheless, this is overall a very good book and worth reading if you are interested in this period of history.
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Chapters 6-10 contain the most important material in the book, including one letter, the protocols of two lectures, and two longer, unpublished essays. This material covers the period between 1919 and 1925, arguably the most productive period in Heidegger's philosophical career.
The editorial work and the translations are both excellent - would that the German "collected edition" employed such standards! My only complaint is that further "supplements" could have made this an even more important book. Here, I have in mind especially some of Heidegger's early correspondence with Jaspers, Blochmann, Bultmann, and Lowith. Perhaps this can find its way into a sequel.
This is an excellent book, and I highly recommend it to anyone who has any interest at all in Heidegger.
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His presidency was dominated by the battle over fiscal strategies and the role of central banks in the U. S. economy. However, it was not so dominant that half the book should have been devoted to it. Other major events were taking place, the continued westward expansion of the nation led to increased sectional tension over slavery in the new states. Van Buren took the position that he was not pro slavery, but would act against it only with the approval of the southern members of congress. While this limited the conflict during his presidency, it also increased the power of a few radicals at the expense of more reasonable voices. Quite frankly, I grew weary at reading the material on the debates over the role of banks. The explanations are over done, they could have been reduced and more time spent on the sectional tensions, both over slavery and the growing economic disparities between the regions. Industrialization was beginning in earnest and there was also a great deal of debate over the role of the federal government in major projects involving transportation.
Martin Van Buren was the first modern politician to hold the office of the president. In that respect, he is a major figure in the history of the office. I would have preferred a book where more pages were devoted to that aspect of the Van Buren presidency rather than the battle over the national bank. The nation was poised for an explosion of westward growth as well as beginning to bottle the tensions that finally led to an internal war. Those aspects of his four years in office should also have received more coverage.
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Welles ranks Van Buren as a much more effective President and political figure than do most other historians. The arguments and examples of accomplishments are well worth reading and considering, although not developed in any depth.
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The publication of Heidegger's earliest lectures and essays from the 1920's has marked a turning point in Heidegger scholarship, and certainly promises to be the inauguration of a genuine revolution. The essays in this volume touch on many of the most important lines of thought articulated by Heidegger in his early years, more or less leaving no stone unturned. The essays by Gadamer, Van Buren, and Grondin are worth the price of the whole volume.