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Since I read "When titians clashed" , I 've become a fan of Col.Glantz's eastern front sagas . this one is somewhat less scholarly than his previous books (in particular ,the ones published from Frank Cass pub)however, It is suprisingly readable,informative and well-balanced.col Glantz also provides the OB of Soviet forces,exhaustive notes and valuable date on casualties.there are also many unpublished pictures and wonderful maps
I've heard that Col.Glantz's next book from Kansas university press would also be the one on the Battle of Leningrad. I hope it will be published soon.
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Must read for Intelligence Proffessionals and those interesed in the German-Soviet battles of WW2.
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I very much enjoyed Glantz's "Clash of Titans," which is probably the best single volume history of the war in the East, and I was hoping this book would contain more of Glantz's excellent analytical scholarship only more sharply focused on a single battle. "Kharkov 1942" is definetly analytical; but the majority of the book is not original scholarship. It's mostly Glantz's translation of a Soviet study of the battle which explains its very dry style. Glantz fleshes out some details, and mentions some parts of the battle that were ignored for political reasons. Glantz really does not provide much of his own analysis on the battle. Where he does provide analysis is on the Soviet study itself. "Kharkov 1942" is as much of a study of how lost battles of "The Great Patriotic War" were viewed within the Soviet political system as it is a study of the battle itself.
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With eleven chapters, 33 maps and 40 tables covering force ratios, kilometers of trenches dug, ration of weapons to kilometer of frontage, relative combat power projection assessments, this study reads like a scientific text. In fact, after Stalin's purges of the officer corps in the later 1930's, the Soviets were forced to search for a scientific approach to the art of war, because they had so few generals and colonels who could practice the intangibles.
The description of the preparations for the battle is the strength of the book. The intelligence staff, and operational planners, correctly identified the most likely thrust of the German offensive as early as March. Evaluating the force structure remaining after the surrender of the 6th Army's surrender at Stalingrad, and the known German tactics, the staff was able to predict the attack on the northern and southern flanks of the salient, and begin preparing a defense in depth. The focus of effort was the engineering work, and propositioning of ammunition and fuel for the fight. The force was also restructured to provide a very heavy mobile counterattack force that comprised almost 1/3 of the total force structure available, and almost 80% of the available tanks.
The Germans used new tanks, the 'Tigers', and new self-propelled assault guns together with integrated air in a new attack grouping at Kursk. This grouping penetrated Soviet defenses, and caused general havoc in the front two lines, but it lacked sufficient combined arms combat power to achieve a rupture of the lines that would allow an exploitation force through. In general terms, the Germans should have attacked with infantry to clear through the minefields, obstacles, automatic weapons and mortars, and then allowed the assault grouping of tanks and self propelled guns through. The integration of air directly with the assault groups was very effective, but the Soviets mention that the result of so much German air against the front lines was almost total freedom of movement from the rear for operational and even strategic reserves.
The actual fighting of the battle is not exhaustively covered in this book; if you are looking for tank on tank details from Prohkorovka, this is not the book for you. If you want to get a sense of the level of detail required to successfully plan modern combined arms combat, this is a must read.
The serious student would be well advised to pay paticular attention to the sections dealing with air operations, engineering support, and command and control sections.
The maps and tables detailing positions and correlation of forces were paticularly informative.
The only critism that I would offer is that the maps need to be expanded. Althought the editors did a good job, in relation to other military histories, they could greatly improve their work with the addition of a large fold-out map detailing the area under study.
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Glantz has several strengths as a historian, and a few weaknesses. His principal strength, and this can't be overstated, is his access to Soviet archives that no one else has gotten into since the war ended. One of his previous books, Zhukov's Greatest Defeat, recounts a large battle on the Eastern front in late 1942 that doesn't appear in many histories of World War II, because the Soviets successfully suppressed knowledge of it. There aren't any whoppers of that magnitude here, but there is a wealth of detail concerning operations, intentions, and forces that hasn't appeared elsewhere.
On the other hand, Glantz isn't Hemingway, or even Harrison Salisbury. His prose is rather wooden, and workmanlike, fine for retelling a story of a battle, but not much as literature. It's OK for the first 300 pages, but this book stretches to 470 pages of text, and it gets a little wearing. In other words, if you aren't *very* interested in the subject, I would recommend going elsewhere. On the flip side, if you *are* interested, there's more information here than you'll find anywhere else, and it's clearly presented and intelligently analyzed.
As an aside, you'll notice that all of the references above are to Glantz as a historian of the Soviet side of things. There are (of course) references to the Germans here, and to their dilemmas and opportunities, but the emphasis is on the Soviets. In most instances, the book only tells you what the Germans are doing to provide context for the actions of the Soviet army. He does provide a brief history of the city prior to the war, and some account of the privations of the citizens of the city during the war, but this has been done elsewhere, and better. I suppose if he didn't provide anything like this, he'd be criticized for its absence, but frankly it seemed a bit out of place.
Given that, this is one of the best books on the Eastern Front to appear in a good long while, and if you're as interested in this field as I am, it's a worthwhile addition to your library.
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The reason for the book is that prior to the opening of the Russian archives most historians depended on German material for understanding the campaign. That material was seriously flawed in a number of respects. The first problem was that for the entire war the Germans had very poor intelligence about the size and disposition of Russian forces. The second problem was that a large number of the memoirs of German Generals were self serving and inaccurate.
Early histories of the war have seen the reason for the failure of the Russian campaign as a result of operational failures. That is that certain mistakes were made in the conduct of the campaign. A common theme of histories during the 60's and 70's was a belief that if the Barbarossa offensive had been run differently or if the attacking forces in operation Blue had not been separated victory might not have been achieved.
This book shows clearly that by the end of the campaign in 1941 the Germans were in serious trouble. They had suffered massive casualties and the forces they could muster in 1942 were far below the army that had started the campaign in both men and equipment. The Russians although they had lost close to three million men had by the end of 1941 built up a force equivalent to the Germans. From that time on they were able to edge ahead in production of equipment and achieve a material preponderance over the Germans. In fact it was probably the failure of the Russian Kharkov offensive that made it possible for any offensive operation in 1942 to succeed.
In summary the reason for the failure of Barbarossa was not due to operational problems but due to problems with strategy. In 1941 Germany put into the campaign an army of about three million men. Its level of production of tanks and aircraft remained low. In 1944 it was able to increase its army to the level of ten million and to raise tank and aircraft production. By 1944 it was to late as the Russian forces had reached the top of their fighting potential. The forces put into the field in 1941 were not adequate and the Germans were to suffer from massive supply problems. The basis of the commitment of three million men in 1941 was something that the German armed forces felt adequate to complete the conquest of Russia in five weeks. It was only later in the war that the Germans began to realize the potential of their enemy. Again this is territory that Glantz has discussed in his excellent book Stumbling Colossus.
This book lays to rest a number of old mistakes and historical errors. One of the authors has written another volume on Operation Mars so that the book is able to show that this was a serious defeat for the Russians, a defeat that had previously been written out of history. In addition there is a careful discussion of the Stalingrad campaign which explains in detail that the reason for the defeat are complex and involved the poor logistic situation of the sixth army. The levels of supply made the prospect of a break out from Stalingrad unrealistic. The book also contains an excellent appendix which outlines the level of troop commitment to the eastern front by the Germans and their casualty levels. It clearly shows the importance of the Eastern Front in the defeat of Germany.
It is impossible to praise this work to highly as it is readable well organized and logical.
"When Titans Clashed" is a book that has already been dissected in every possible way, and is, if not a clear-cut best seller, definitely a popular. So I'll just underline the three main reasons why it a mandatory text for anyone even remotely interested in the subject, the first being that colonel Glantz does his own job, and not someone else's. In other words, he's a military expert, and this is an operational, and not political, social or human dissection of the conflict. Richard Overy's "Russia's War" aimed at being all that, and failed. Sticking to his guns, Glantz gives to this (not too big) book a greater level of detail,. Of course, we still need a good political, human and social history of the war - while Robert Thurston's "The People's War : Responses to World War II in the Soviet Union" is a fine social study of wartime Russia, it may be a bit too difficult for the casual reader. But Glantz's focus was on military operation, and this book is just that - a military history.
Second. Glantz comes from old guard: i.e., he works mainly on primary/archival sources, and he knows how to separate gold from garbage. WWII history is a tricky business, and Eastern History (given the political sensitivity of the campaign's outcome) is even more so. Again, a comparison with Overy (who ended up giving credit to such debatable authors as Sokolov and gave readers sensation they could have spent much better your money on the secondary resources he continuously cited) may be useful. Glantz attitude towards the material is level headed and inspired by old fashioned positivism (there's a very useful appendices dealing with comparison of forces and losses). And he never assumes, giving even more authority to the basic thesis of this book - it was Russia who won the war, and not Germany that lost it, and Russia won because it learned how to outfight, outmanoeuvre and outsmart the Nazi army, in a long and (extremely!) bloody process, ending in 1945 with the Red Army being a even better military machine than the Wehrmacht was in 1941. Glantz gives you a lot of food for thought to support his view, especially on the "numbers" issue. More controversially but not polemically, colonel Glantz maintains also that while the Red Army broke Hitler's back, what the Allied did in the West was important - but basically more aimed at containing Russia's success rather than at speeding up Nazism's demise.
The third reason why you should buy "When Titans Clashed" is that it may be the first divulgative book on the Great Patriotic War (of course, I don't include Erickson's "Roads" in the "divulgative" department) giving the second part of the war - the one after the Red Army began to win - its due. On this respect, the post-Kursk operational history is given a extensive treatment, and some of the bits - like those on the Vistula-Oder operation - are absolutely compelling. Also, much coverage is given to the massive Bagration/Ukraine twin offensives, and, last but not least, we've finally a clear overview of the Battle For Berlin, a topic that often becomes the focus for some horrendous inaccuracies. Not that "classics" like Moscow, Stalingrad or Kursk aren't properly treated - it's just that they're finally taken into the big picture. All summed up, this approach gives to "When Tytans Clashed" an unprecedented freshness.
However I've two complaints, and the first it's in the editing department: its way better than that of Glantz's books of the early 90's, but it could have been improved; there are still too many repetitions (I've seen the word "aftermath" at least 10.000 times) and some confusing bit. For instance, you get three different tables detailing forces and strength ratios involved in Bagration - and you end up not knowing which of these was final. I'm being picky here, but this book deserved a better post-production job.
My second gripe is that, for being so objective towards the main topic, when it comes to his pet subjects Glantz seems to loose focus and control. For instance - we do know now that Operation Mars was basically a failure but, in the context of the late 1942 strategic situation, was this failure so substantial as he maintains? After all, tying down massive German reserves was pivotal on the German debacle at Stalingrad: Zhukov may have botched operationally here, but as the overall strategic situation goes, it's possible that "Mars" outcome didn't change much.
I repeat here what I wrote elsewhere: "When Titans Clashed" doesn't supersede Erickson's "Road To Stalingrad" and "Road To Berlin" - it complete these two masterpieces, and provides finally a operational history of the Russian Front that his both up-to-date and accessible. Neither it fills the long-empty slot for an up-to-date and accessible - and balanced - operational history on the German side (the last feasible being Earl Ziemke trilogy back in the early 70's). But it's a great book, and you'll do yourself a big favour buying it.
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The authors then lead us into the preparations taken by both sides and how the Germans continually delayed the offensive. The Russians, well aware of the German plans were able to plan and create an intricate network of defensives and they were defenses of depth that finally frustrated and prevented the Germans from gaining any momentum. The Germans were also forced to continuously probe the Russians for potential weak spots. Unfortunately for the Germans there were none.
The authors make a point that the German High Command placed too much faith in their new technically advanced tanks (Panthers & Tigers) and were continuously forced to divert forces to protect their flanks that were under constant counter attack.
The accounts of the battle are very detailed and at times it is easy to get lost in the description of movements of the vast number of units.
Glantz & House make good use of personal accounts, unit's history accounts and even memoirs of the leading participants such as Mainstein. Their conclusions in regards to the battle are hard to dispute after such a detailed and comprehensive research which brings together both Russian and German sources of information. Recommended reading.
So - how's "The Battle Of Kursk"? An absolute must for any WWII enthusiast, an enjoyable work of scholarship even if somehow flawed style-wise, and a much needed ray of light in a still confused topics. Buy it!
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