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The title is the clearest indication of the timeless pertinence of this work. In all eras of change, drift has been of the utmost importance. In today's world of exponentially progressing technology and corporate mechanization, we often feel helpless against the tides of nation-wide change. Mastery, then, is the ability to band together and set those changes on the course of prosperity without sacrificing our individuality.
Lippmann outlines the problems, solutions, and repercussions of mastery. Despite some aspects of the text being idealistic or anachronistic, much of what he predicted has come to pass. Although the average reader like myself may not be able to put Lippmann's ideas into direct action, his concepts still ought to help understand our responsibilities as citizens.
The book is rooted in actual observation allowing its readers to identify with it immediately. In it they observe the new modern era that is taking shape. How will the problems be solved? Lippmann sees science replacing religion as the primary device for solving peoples' problems. Science is the discipline of democracy. Science is no longer a threat. Instead it is a good thing in the Progressive Era. Lippmann even uses the word diagnose (a word with explict scientific conotations) in the subtitle.
The book is rooted in actual observation allowing its readers to identify with it immediately. In it they observe the new modern era that is taking shape. How will the problems be solved? Lippmann sees science replacing religion as the primary device for solving peoples' problems. Science is the discipline of democracy. Science is no longer a threat. Instead it is a good thing in the Progressive Era.
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One aspect of the book that I appreciated was that it made portrayed Cowper as a full and complex human being. Ella reproduces countless letters as well as quotes from Cowper's poems that, along with secondary sources and Ella's commentary, give the reader a solid sense of the poet's inner and outer life. I found that in this sense, the book was wonderful to read. So often, we assume that our heroes of faith are much different from us - that they are somehow immune to the barbs and arrows of the Fall, that they do not struggle with things like doubt, depression, and seasons when they do not experience the love of Christ in their hearts. Knowing that such a man as William Cowper was alive and was not immune to such throes in his life was definitely encouraging to read.
Ella's affection for Cowper is obvious. He seems to love and understand his subject so well, that at times I got the distinct impression that Ella felt every slanderous statement made against Cowper as though they were directed at himself! For such a sensitive and maligned man as Cowper, it is invaluable that his biographer be someone like Ella who writes more like a compassionate and forgiving friend than as a cold and detached scholar.
Another interesting part of the book had to do with Cowper's role in First Great Awakening. Cowper was, at the time that George Whitefield, John Wesley and Jonathan Edwards were preaching in America and England, becoming a popular poet in the English-speaking world. Cowper's passion in life was primarily to see Christ glorified in the world and for people to come to believe in Him. Though he was not a preacher, Cowper nevertheless longed to use his gifts and calling to contribute to the continual spread of the gospel. Ella argues, along with other historians, that Cowper's long poem "The Task" (a highly evangelistic poem) was so popular that it was more influential in the spreading of the gospel than any of the efforts by other prominent preachers of that time. Cowper preached the gospel to men and women who would have never dared set foot into a church.
Yet despite all this, there were some parts to the book that I found lacking. One of the main criticisms I had about the book was Ella's bad habit of becoming "preachy" when trying to apply Cowper's opinoins about culture to 20th century problems. For instance, when recounting Cowper's views on education, Ella tended to use Cowper's views as a platform to express his own frustration with our current educational system in the English-speaking world. Though I probably agreed with some of his criticisms themselves, I found his habit of interjecting his own opinions and criticisms somewhat annoying. It gave the impression that Cowper would've simply parroted his criticisms were he living amongst us today. So often, people claim to possess secret insight into how a previous thinker would feel on current problems. The PCA (Presbyterian Church of America) has been going through this recently with its discussion on what the Westminster Divines thought about the length of the six days of creation - whether they were normal 24-hour days or not. Removing men from their historical context and forcing them to have an opinion on our culture seems misguided, for it does not give them the opportunity of examining our problems, complete with a whole set of nuances and complexities, afresh. More than likely, the differences between two seemingly similar situations spanning history and culture are too great to simply compare in that way. This is not to say the dead cannot or should not comment on the present, but that we must also recognize the differences, and not just the similarities, between the two periods. Ella's habit of interrupting his discussion of Cowper with his opinions about 20th century culture was slightly annoying, but not so much as to devalue the book as a whole. All in all, I found the book incredibly interesting, and I recommend it to anyone.
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The main question with using the "Iliad" is class is picking a worthy version in English. The Lattimore translation is certainly above average, but I think the Fagles translation is far and away the best available (hence the one star deduction for this translation, which I have been compelled to use in the past) and I would not really consider using anything else in my Classical Greek and Roman Mythology course. I also like to use the "Iliad" as part of a larger epic involving the plays of Euripides, specifically "Iphigenia at Aulis" and "Trojan Women," as well as relevant sections from the "Aeneid" and other sources on the Fall of Troy. But the "Iliad" remains the centerpiece of any such larger tale, mainly because of the final dramatic confrontation when King Priam goes to weep over the bloody hands of Achilles. Not until Steinbeck writes "The Grapes of Wrath" is there anything in Western Literature offering as stunning an end piece.