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I am a writer and so I am very serious when I say that this book is one of the best examples of written art ever painted. If I could, I would give it six-stars!
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What are Bellow's philosophical interests? Often he returns to the difficulties and responsibilities of the writer in the modern world. He is particularly occupied by how art, which his fiction aspires to be, acts as a momentary stay against various contemporary discontents and distractions. "For some liberation (perhaps pseudoliberation) is the higher aim. Or the shattering of icons. Or restlessness without limits." For his part Bellow agrees with Joseph Conrad, another novelists who set high standards for his work, and who stated: "Art attempts to find in the universe, in matter as well as in the facts of life, what is fundamental, enduring, essential." These fundamentals are also sometimes referred to as "eternal verities" and the "permanent things."
Bellow contrasts what he is trying to achieve with what intellectuals, particularly in the academic world, are trying to achieve. He scorns the repeated attempts by professors and critics to politicize literature. For Bellow "activist" art is impossible because art by definition "leads to contemplative states, to wonderful and sacred states of the soul." In short, to a temporary surcease of "busyness." The passages in Bellow's novels that some readers have difficulty with -- the introspection, musing, and shuffling back and forth -- are philosophical, not political. One might contrast Bellow's philosophizing with John Irving's editorializing, such as the passage in Irving's A Prayer for Owen Meany about the Iran-Contra hearings, in which Irving pontificates at great length on an irrelevant topic in what was otherwise a fine novel.
By contrast, moreover, I find the following statement by Bellow to be a measure of humility, from a man who has lived enough to earn it: "The world owes (the novelist) nothing, and he has no business to be indignant with it on behalf of the novel."
One might add, via Henry James that art, by definition, must be produced by a fine mind. Bellow's fine mind is quite evident here, searching, defining, delineating, reflecting, and eulogizing. Readers of Bellow's fiction will find their understanding deepened by these rare glimpses into the philosophical and biographical foundations of his work.
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Bellow remains optimistic about the role of art in society "Maybe civilization is dying, but it still exists, and meanwhile we have our choice: we can either rain more blows on it, or try to redeem it". Although "What you call optimism may be nothing more that an mismanaged, misunderstood, vitality". There are interesting antidotes about Chicago, his beloved city, for example, when Mayor Daley presented Bellow a check, a reporter asked if he had read Herzog, Daley responded "I've looking into it". There is a fun piece with Gloria Steinman who spends a day in Chicago with him. During one interview he talks of writing a non-fiction book on Chicago, but that evolved into the "Dean's December. One of my favorite quotes is "I'm happy when the revisions are big. I'm not speaking of stylistic revisions, but revisions in my own understanding. ... .Exceptional things must be attempted if the game is to be worth the candle". Other interviews are now available online.
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This short book is depressing, I'll say. The portrait of Joseph as he waits to be called by the draft in murky Chicago, as he becomes estranged from his wife and family and friends (he even assaults his niece), all the while relating his troubles to various authors' exemplary works (Goethe was mentioned by other reviewers); all this bound together under the umbrella of the atrabilious and taut war years (rationing, so on) does not make for the kind of reading one hopes to find in every bookshelf in Heaven (my apologies, agnostics and atheists). But, as is true of most great literature (was Arrowsmith, after all, a very happy book...except for the end), the sad aspects shouldn't be given a second thought. Just enjoy the incredible craftsmanship here. You'll thank the Five Star crowd.
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There is alot of talk from Bellows about Henderson's capacity for deep feelings: great joy, great sorrow...a capacity in his soul for greatness. But where is it? True, we can't get into Henderson's mind, but Henderson seems more a sentimental fool than a lost romantic...sort of a strange mixture of King Lear and his fool. The intriguing people in the book and the secondary characters who surround Henderson. Henderson himself is capricious, overbearing, and well...stupid. I'm hesitant to read more of Bellow's books after this one. Great ideas...slightly pathetic execution.
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The man is 44-year-old Tommy Wilhelm who, like some of Bellow's other fictional protagonists Augie March, Eugene Henderson, and Moses Herzog, is a little piece of the chaos of twentieth-century urban America distilled into a single confused character. Wilhelm is a native New Yorker (although it's obvious his author is not), a failed actor, and an unemployed former sales executive. He is separated from his wife, who is always selfishly demanding from him money that he doesn't have, and his two sons. His only financial support now is from his father, a successful physician who is annoyed by his son's lack of discipline but nevertheless brags about his past accomplishments to anyone who will listen.
Wilhelm has a friend named Dr. Tamkin who professes to be a psychologist, has many various interests but dubious talents, and persuades him to invest his last dollar in lard commodities. Tamkin, a world traveler, has told Wilhelm that he "had attended some of the Egyptian royal family as a psychiatrist," a statement that evokes an image of the biblical Joseph prophesying for the Pharaoh seven years of plenty followed by seven years of famine; but Tamkin's optimistic expectation for lard is all profit, no loss. His philosophy is that the future is not worth the worry; live for the "here-and-now": seize the day. He is undoubtedly a charlatan, but in Wilhelm's eyes he means well.
One of the novel's themes is atonement, which is signified by the reference to Yom Kippur. Wilhelm is not very religious and has not planned to attend a synagogue, but he recognizes the importance of saying Yiskor for his dead mother; his sincere but idle threat to the unknown hoodlums who vandalized the bench next to her grave will not suffice to honor her memory. Ironically, the place where he ultimately atones is the funeral of a man who is evidently not Jewish (open casket, presence of flowers) -- and he weeps with the knowledge that death is all we achieve from life. Seize the day, indeed.
Four books into Mr. Bellow's career I am now convinced that all the high-handed praise is, for once, truly justified. This guy is one of the true American wonders, one of the gods of our literature.
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However, there is a profound irony in the fact that this book is lauded by many conservatives. In reality, many of the same "social conservatives" who decry the ignorance of today's student body in the Western classics are often the same "economic conservatives" who implicitly belittle a classical/liberal arts education by placing so much emphasis upon financial aspirations that students tend to shy away from a classical curriculum in favor of more "practical", careerist curricula. Students whose main goal in life is to make a buck are not going to be attracted to "irrelevant" courses in philosophy, history, classical literature, etc. As a result, I think it is fair to say that the current crisis in American education stems both from attacks by the Left (as Bloom points out in his book), and the economic Right.
I had no idea of the deficiency in my education until I read Bloom's revelation. As a student, I thought Cornel West, Henry Gates, and Noam Chomsky were the modern day Socrates, Plato, and Shakespeare. Of course, an erroneous thought. . . but as it turns out, they have replaced these great men of ideas. Thoughts of the good, virtue, and the quest for truth were sacrificed for social agenda, self-serving, liberal thoughts on so-called social justice and the imperative of racial discrimination to make up for racial discrimination! Bloom calls these things for what the are and makes the reader aware of the true crisis we are in. Perhaps no one, other than Irving Kristol, has had such a keen insight into the problems of our nation, particularly its' future.
If Prof. Bloom could read this now, I would just like to say thank you sir; thank you for turning a naive, social agenda swallowing American student into a neo-conservative thinking one. Your text has changed a life--by opening a mind.
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Evidently, 'Ravelstein' is based on Allan Bloom who wrote in the late 80s the controversial 'The Closing of the American Mind'. "We live in a thought-world, and the thinking has gone very bad indeed.'' Wrote Saul Bellow, in his foreword to Allan Bloom's controversial book some 13 years ago.
It appears that 'Ravelstein' is rather fragmented frames of Bellow's memory of Alan Bloom. Some readers may find it difficult to understand the meaning of this book. I'm sure the Gay community will label it as an anti-gay novel. I am not sure whether that was Bellow's intention. Does he want us to get deeper insights into the darkness of human nature?
One of the most important question about Bellow's 'Ravelstein' is the role of a writer and his ability to pass or not to pass judgements on moral issues or the question of mortality. In this novel Bellow passes a judgement about Ravelstein's "sex habits" in fact, as he calls "reckless sex habits" which I'm sure will not be acceptable to the gay community around the world.
In the novel, Ravelstein questions, "With what, in this modern day democracy, will you meet the demands of your soul?" This is indeed a difficult question to answer. I believe the same may applies to the message Bellow wants his readers to get out of this important novel about an important theme.
In the novel Bellow writes: "It means that writers are supposed to make you laugh and cry. That's what mankind is looking for." This is what exactly Bellow has achieved in 'Ravelstein'.
It is worth reading a great American writer's new novel which is sad and also a witty portrait of an American academic who has been fighting against the vulgarity that has engulfed American life.
"There are things that people should know if they are to read books at all..." wrote Bellow in concluding his introduction to Allan Bloom's 'The Closing of the American Mind'. In my view, 'Ravelstein' is nothing but what Bellow wants his readers to know about some, perhaps dark aspect of American life.
This is a superb collection of short stories. The Preface is finely and charmingly written by Janis Bellow, which allows us a brief, intimate glimpse of Bellow the writer.
This anthology includes: "The Bellarosa Connection," "Looking for Mr. Green," "Zetland," "Mosby's Memoirs," and "Something to Remember Me By," among others.
Long live the urban Jewish intelligentsia. I also highly recommend Bellow's novels, esp. Augie March, Humboldt's Gift, and Ravelstein.