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"The Gathering Storm" provides unforgettable details about what slavery was like during these four decades when the number of slaves in the United States tripled. Sisson fills this volume with fascinating details about this period: in 1790 New Jersey and Pennsylvania each had more slaves than Tennessee, while in 1829 Cincinnati, Ohio began enforcing an 1804 statue requiring free blacks to post a $500 bond before settling in the city. There are other examples of laws clearly intended to preserve the institution of slavery, such as those forbidding Quakers from buying slaves that they obviously intended to free. But Sisson is also able to put these facts into context by focusing on two significant developments that had immense ramifications. First, the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney spurred the growth of slave-worked plantations that expanded slavery further west in the South. Second, the successful slave result that resulted in the formation of the independent nation of Haiti. Because of the fear of a slave uprising in the United States, abolitionists were able to get a federal ban on the importation of slaves, which had huge consequences for how slaves were treated and valued in the South.
Sisson also presents a series of compelling historical figures, such as Richard Allen, founder of the Free African Society and of the first independent black church in America; merchant-seaman Paul Cuffe and editor John Russwurm, two of the chief proponents of the colonization movement which sought to resettle free American blacks in West Africa; mathematician Benjamin Banneker who surveyed the land for the District of Columbia and produced a series of almanacs; Gabriel Prosser and Denmark Vesey, who planned slave uprisings that unsettled the South; Vincent Oge and Francois-Dominique Toussaint-Louverture, leaders of the slave revolt that created Haiti; and David Walker, the firebrand who advocated violent revolt or predicated the nation would face a bloody civil war. When the volume ends with the Missouri Compromise and Walker's inflammatory "Appeal," it is clear the Civil War is inevitable.
Young students will have an excellent understanding of both the practice and politics of slavery after reading "The Gathering Storm, 1787-1829." I have not been working through the 16 volumes of the Milestones in Black American History series in order, but this is one of the best volumes in this excellent series, which covers the black experience from Ancient Egypt to the present. Although slavery would continue in the United States until the end of the Civil War, it underwent some significant changes through this period. Sisson does a superb job of organizing this material and making this case.
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Famous for his book PEDAGOGY OF THE OPPRESSED, kicked out of countries for daring to train farm workers and laborers in literacy and critical appraisal, Paulo Freire takes us behind the scenes and shows us what he was thinking, doing, and feeling throughout his long and radical career.
Reading his other work, one might have guessed, say, that when he was much younger, the good doctor was blasted during a lecture on Piaget by a laborer who stood up and asked him on what side of town Freire lived and whether HIS household crammed several unwashed and hungry children into one room. But such anecdotes are of invaluable worth in showing how Freire learned what he learned--painfully.
That the reader can sense in his wordplay that finally the man who'd done so much for others took this opportunity to wane autobiographical may cause a smile or two. But it shouldn't be mistaken for narcissism or pomposity. An activist and faithholder in people oppressed and in despair has earned the right to his eloquence, and it's nice to feel him enjoying it here and there.
For the student of human nature, Freire's own (alas, briefly mentioned) childhood of poverty and early struggles will be of interest thanks to Freire's own take: that these didn't determine his later life so much as gave him tools with which to empathize with other marginalized people. Reading this, I thought of James Hillman's "acorn" notion: that the soul comes into life knowing what it needs, even if it needs unsparing adversity. To a man like Freire, adversity is not an "opportunity"--a manically cheery thesis--so much as the canvas from which he works.
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The Angelus - a devotion said morning, noon and evening - consists of the Hail Mary and the words of the angel at the Annunciation. The text explores the development of the text using art to illustrate the changing understanding of the Annunciation (Millet, Roger Van der Weynden, illuminated manuscripts ...)
Anyone interested in Marian devotions should read this book - its tracing of the development of the Hail Mary prayer is one of the best - as applicable to rosaries as to the Angelus.
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However, there are some areas in which the book could have been improved. Firstly, I felt that the contents have been too Euro/American-centred, to the point of leaving out a great portion of humanity's experience.
Research into Asia would have revealed the courage and dedication of frontier generals and their families in their task of defending China against nomadic hordes,especially during the Song dynasty. Inter-clan warfare in Japan during the Shogunate periods would also reveal this aspect.
Secondly, I felt that some of the narratives seemed too implausible for Smith to truly empathise with eg. the first and third stories; for the reason that historical records were not exactly kept with the same objective view we experience today. It was not uncommon for exaggerations to take place in the retelling of a war account.
Thirdly, war is not only about combatants' courage, but also about the heroism displayed by the civilian population in civil disobedience, WWII Resistance, guerilla bands etc, in the face of domination. Stories from such experiences would also have been worth including in this collection.
All said, this book is still worth a good read.
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