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"A Calendar of Wisdom" is a collection of quotations culled from world literature and grouped thematically for each day of the year. It is, in Tolstoy's words, "an accumulation of the cultural heritage of our ancestors, the best thinkers in the world."
This book is, by design, popular reading from a great master; it was made, in his words, "to present for a wide reading audience an easily accessible, everyday circle of reading which will arouse their best thoughts and feelings." And, as a book of daily inspiration, it is probably the best of the lot. Whose life wouldn't be bettered by a daily nibble of Shakespeare, Lao Tsu, Ruskin, the Talmud, the Dhammapada, Socrates, Jefferson and a host of small and tall 18th and 19th century thinkers?
Tolstoy's sentiments are truly affecting, simple but not easy prescriptions for daily living. But keep in mind that it was not enough for the count himself, who died -- barely two years after the publication of the last edition of the calendar -- at a lonely train station as he attempted to flee the bonds of his gentrified life.
In these readings life serves up some measures of grief as well as comfort food. It is in fact, Tolstoy's vision. I think of this calendar as Tolstoy's spiritual Rolodex; a kind of truth one can live and prosper with.
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devoted and insightful physician. He supported his
dishevelled family from an early age. He traversed
Russia to the remote penal colonies in Sakhalin and
composed a report which remains a classic of muted
anger and compassion. His own health was frail and
he died at 44, his lungs wasted. Yet during that absurdly curtailed, harried existence,
Chekhov produced a constellation of stories that have altered the
history of literature. These
comprise titles which are among the supreme
achievements in prose narrative and have been
reproduced in a host of languages. To use that tired
banality, they are 'world classics'. Chekhov's genius coincided with the macabre
absurdities of a dying Tsarist empire. If he began in
the tragi-comic dispensation of Gogol, he died,
clairvoyantly, on the eve of the crises of 1905 and of
the iron age, soon to come, of Marxist-Leninism. Time
and again, Chekhov's plays, Mozartian in their smiling
sadness, capture the transient but irrecusable hour
between the old order, with its loving frivolity, and the
storms which will cut down the cherry orchards. It is
Chekhov's equipoise which remains unique, his ability
to move us almost unbearably in respect of a lost past
while making us understand the inevitability, indeed
the justice, of the imminent cataclysm. A further circumstance was that of the flowering of
journals, magazines, newspaper feuilletons in late
nineteenth-century Russia. Countless titles sprang up
like the mushrooms in Chekhov's cherished woods.
The appetite for sketches, anecdotes, prose
caricature was voracious. It fostered the techniques of
a distinctive tribe: that of Maupassant, O. Henry, Mark
Twain and, above all, Chekhov. The train was one of
feverish productivity, of that graphic incisiveness of
outline and incident which made of those decades the
brilliant age of the cartoon, of the illustrated serial. The
line between reportage and fiction, between social
satire and sentimental snapshots, was blurring. Needy
scribblers were remunerated by the word. It has long been known that much of Chekhov remains
untranslated and, indeed, uncollected. They
tell of a provincial world even when they transpire in a
large city; of loveless betrothals and wretched
marriages; of enraged cats and the fogged-in
landscape of vodka; of petty bureaucrats and petty
fraudsters. Trains rattle the drunk and the sober over
nocturnal emptiness. A man is saved from drowning
only to be shaken to death by a derisive crowd.
Would-be lovers belch or hiccup at decisive moments.
Beatings are followed by grotesquely litigious
demands for compensation. Two elements stand out. There is in these miniatures
an arresting potion of cruelty. This can take the form of
physical assault, of lacerating accidents. More subtly,
there is the unctuous sadism of money and of social
rank. Young women are simply sold off to rheumy,
ageing bidders. Alcoholics are mocked and
tormented when they cannot scrounge the kopek
needed for their next drink. The other trait concerns the often wretched condition
of women. Monied widowhood is their only nirvana.
Do these little texts deserve translation and
publication in this somewhat stately format? There are
flashes of true humour and chimes of pathos. A
masterly eye is gaining confidence in its economy of
observation. And even an ephemeral Chekhov is,
after all, Chekhov. None the less...
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