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The characters are entirely believable: not all are likeable, but they're all realistic. By the end, it's actually quite disturbing what happens to them all.
Some of these characters are pilots in Hornet Squadron, which also featured in Robinson's book "Piece of Cake". There is a rookie American pilot, the Aussie CO, and the nitpicking intelligence officer, along with a dozen other pilots who are all uniquely entertaining. There is also a team of SAS commandos and their egomaniacal Captain, who make guerilla raids on German airfields, and a German officer who vainly attempts to mount an operation to defend against them. The last - and maybe the funniest - subplot is about an American journalist, who is searching for a Lawrence of Arabia-style hero to sell to American newspapers.
The density of imagery regarding the desert itself is astounding. At some points while reading this book I felt like I needed to go swimming, drink a tall glass of cold water, or at least stick my head up for some fresh air. You can feel the heat and blistering sunlight seeping out of the pages.
It's the sort of book that you really don't want to end, because in some ways it's a very conclusive ending (death, etc) and in other ways it gives you the feeling that things are just going to continue without change. It was uncomfortable to leave the book knowing that many of its characters were dead, and that those who survived might only be killed a day or a year later. The sense that the war would continue and take more lives was intense.
One problem is the Hornet Squadron pilot Fido Doggart. Robinson manages to detail the deaths of everyone else very graphically, but he forgot about Doggart. I don't know if he was killed, or if the author just lost track.


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Goshawk Squadron is set in the period January-March 1918, just before the German spring offensives. The squadron is equipped with the SE-5a fighter and begins the novel resting and re-building behind the lines. Woolley has been commander of the squadron for one year and although fanatical in his training methods, he is approaching combat burnout. Indeed, Woolley is so cynical (but realistic, as it turns out) that he believes all his pilots will be dead within three months. In a seemingly futile but rabid effort, Woolley spends the brief period behind the lines to train his squadron to be the most cold-blooded and efficient killers possible. Woolley's combat ethics clearly clash with the English public school morals of his young pilots; Woolley bans words like "sporting," or "fair fight" from his squadron. In these pages, Robinson depicts how four years of harsh, non-stop combat have produced a killer elite in men like Woolley, whose only philosophy is "kill or be killed." To modern eyes, Woolley's training methods will seem callous and cruel, resulting in needless pain and suffering on his pilots. Indeed, Woolley terrorizes his pilots, to include throwing beer bottles and shooting at slow learners. The pilots in Goshawk Squadron hate their commander, but they are also better prepared to survive when they return to operational service. When the great German offensive begins in March 1918, Goshawk Squadron is committed to try and stem the German onslaught as the British front line crumbles. Robinson provides excellent detail both on balloon-busting and close air support attacks, circa 1918.
Woolley does begin to evolve over the course of the novel, as do his pilots. Yet Goshawk Squadron is never a happy unit and modern military readers might question whether the increase in unit efficiency is worth the drop in morale. Woolley makes better killers, but the squadron is visibly falling apart by the end of the novel. Can a combat unit really function for long based merely on fear of the commander? And what is the result when that long-punishing tyrant suddenly decides to ease up on his troops? These questions are never fully addressed by Robinson, but remain lurking in the corners. On the other hand, one of the great scenes in the novel is a confrontation between Woolley and a REMF colonel from headquarters. Unlike other military novels that attempt to portray the clash between the war fighter and rear echelon types, there is no effort toward subterfuge by Woolley. Instead, Woolley starts blasting away at the colonel with his pistol until he wins the argument ("You can't kill me," says the colonel. "I will kill you, take your body up in my plane, and dump it behind German lines," says Woolley. In a war where thousands disappeared without a trace, this is a convincing threat.). Robinson's point here is that it is difficult to threaten a man with theoretical punitive actions when he is facing the very real threat of death in combat on a daily basis. Advice to REMFs: don't go to the front line in a war and threaten combat soldiers with administrative actions, if you do, wear a flak jacket.


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The main protagonist in War Story is the not very likeable Lieutenant Oliver Paxton. This character reminds me somewhat of the character "Goodrich" in James Webb's Vietnam novel Fields of Fire; like Goodrich, Paxton encounters great difficulty in bonding with other members of his unit and is regarded as foolish and/or incompetent. Yet like Goodrich, Paxton does experience personal growth through the "school of hard knocks" and by the end of the novel, he has involved into a totally different person. Other major characters include the no-nonsense squadron commander Hugh Cleve-Cutler, the unflappable squadron adjutant Major Brazier (a former infantry lieutenant colonel demoted for shooting several of his troops who ran away under fire), and O'Neill, Paxton's tormenter and copilot. Kellaway, who goes on to be the squadron adjutant in Robinson's Second World War novels "Piece of Cake" and "A Good Clean Fight," is introduced as an accident-prone young replacement. The relationships in the squadron may appear a bit odd or overly cruel at times, particularly in the brusque manner that replacements are treated, but this is probably quite accurate. Of course, one by one, "Hornet" squadron is shorn of is veteran and rookie pilots, leaving only a handful alive.
War Story is not quite as cynical as some of Robinson's other novels, but he does hammer home the lack of any romanticism in the air war. Even the most idealistic pilots are rapidly worn down by fatigue, stress and the realization that their number is bound to come up in the near future. While not quite as good as Goshawk Squadron or Piece of Cake, War Story is still a very good depiction of squadron life in the First World War.





His best book of this type was "Piece of Cake," (set during the first twelve months of World War Two, and culminating in the Battle of Britain), which had wonderful character development and great action sequences. "War Story," which involves some of the same characters as "Hornet's Sting," was also very good. Well, the action sequences of "Hornet's Sting" are terrific, but I found the character development weak this time. It feels as though Robinson is simply rehashing the old formula, and that formula appears to be going stale.
Robinson's historical research is quite good, although it always irks me that he insists on calling the squadron "Hornet Squadron." The British were never much given to painting their aircraft in the First World War, and they certainly never gave their squadrons colorful names. Numbers tended to suffice.
Other than that, it's a quick and very entertaining read. But for my money, I would stick with "Piece of Cake" and "War Story." The material is simply fresher, and better.

The first third of the volume focuses heavily on two new members of the squadron, two Russian lieutenants sent to Hornet Squadron to learn combat tactics on the Western Front. Initially, the two officers are barely qualified to fly and the squadron spends considerable effort nurse-maiding these two. Indeed, the British chain of command orders Major Cutler to "help" the senior Russian to become an "ace," an achievement of which he is clearly incapable. Robinson's insertion of these Russian characters is actually quite interesting in depicting the changes brought on inter-Allied relations by the Russian Revolution. Eventually, in a complete reversal, Cutler is ordered to stop protecting the Russians in combat and let nature and von Richtofen) takes its course.
Throughout his novels, Robinson displays a real gift for character development that is lacking in so many other books. The readers may not like all the characters - indeed there is always at least one malignant personality in evidence - but Robinson will make even his best characters as true-to-life as possible. The squadron adjutant (Captain Brazier) and squadron clerk (Sergeant Lacey) are still in place from the previous novel, and while they are certainly not likeable, they do enliven Hornet's Sting with their unique viewpoints. At one point, Brazier fondly recalls, "I suppressed a riot once [in India]. At the market place in Peshawar. And a very splendid suppression it was." On the other hand, Sergeant Lacey, who spends all his effort avoiding combat and enriching himself with petty thievery, is fully involved in the "case of the missing jam" - noting that, "the army can afford to lose millions of men, year after year. But not a few cases of strawberry jam. Jam matters." Lieutenant Paxton also returns from War Story - although he is much matured - and Robinson introduces the seemingly immortal Captain Stanley Woolley, who figures so prominently in Goshawk Squadron.
The middle third of the novel focuses heavily on the combat debut of the Bristol fighter. This aircraft, initially designed as a bomber or reconnaissance aircraft then turned into a fighter, was presented by the British High Command as giving the RFC a technological edge over their German opponents. Hornet Squadron is presented with six of the new fighters and trains intensively on them for several weeks. Unfortunately, the first combat action for the Bristol fighter was a disaster, with five of six shot down or crashed (Robinson based this on an actual incident). The affect of this disaster on the squadron is appalling and several of the "old hands" begin to deteriorate mentally when they realize how heavily the odds are stacked against them. Eventually, the "Bif" turned out to be a pretty good fighter, but the initial tactical doctrine was faulty - which shows how poor tactics can devalue a weapon system. Robinson makes his best points here about aviation doctrine in the First World War in this middle section of the book, particularly about the frightful wastefulness of the "deep offensive patrols" that squandered the lives of partly trained pilots. Robinson presents an RFC Commander - Trenchard - who prefers quantity (meaning many partly-trained pilots) over quality (taking the time to train them fully, but meaning fewer squadrons).
The final third of the book focuses on the Third Battle of Ypres and the relentless pressure placed on the squadron to support the ground troops. Both Paxton and a newcomer, the despised Mackenzie, figure prominently in this final act. Paxton crashes behind enemy lines and has considerable adventures. Mackenzie, a photogenic but bullying egomaniac, is seized upon by two American filmmakers as an excellent vehicle for presenting the glorious side of the war to the American public. Once again, Cutler is ordered to assist in the "manufacture of an ace" for public relations purposes. This final third of the volume starts to bog down a bit in subplots that have little to do with the squadron, and one senses Robinson running out of steam just as the Battle of Passchendaele is winding down. My only criticisms - and they are minor ones - are that Robinson sometimes gets carried away with minor subplots that go nowhere and that his female characters are universally annoying and detract from the characters to which they attach themselves. Indeed, Robinson always presents his female characters as overly sexually compliant (which is certainly an aviator stereotype of women) and emotionally troublesome. In Cleve-Cutler's case, his liaison with a one-legged aristocratic whore is so absurd that Robinson only compounds it by introducing a ménage a trois with an AWOL lieutenant (it's hard to believe that a straight-laced officer like Cutler would knowingly put up with an officer deserter for one second). Please, Derek Robinson, stick to aviation that you do so well and leave romance novels to other folks. Despite these distractions, Hornet's Sting is a first class war novel.

For any reader that desires a more realistic look at the air war of WW1 without being depressed into near suicide with the sheer futility of the actions of the whole scene, this is the book to read.
I would suggest reading Goshawk Squadron first, if only for the additional backgound. Having said that im quite confident that I would not have enjoyed this wonderful piece of work any less had this been the first of Derek Robinson's books that I picked up...

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The main plot with "Hornet Squadron" in A Good Clean Fight focuses on efforts to entice the Luftwaffe fighters to come up and fight in the quiet period that preceded the Gazala Campaign. Barton, afraid that his hard-luck unit might be broken up, offers to conduct a systematic ground attack program in order to get the German fighters to commit to action (the Germans preferred to hold their fighters back in order to prepare for the main battle coming). In effect, Barton commits his unit to an attritional campaign that can have but one end for the squadron - whittling down pilots and aircraft in the hope that something will "break loose" before the unit is combat ineffective. Barton has changed somewhat since A Piece of Cake and is no longer very sympathetic; many readers might feel that he is sacrificing his unit for his own sake, but that is unfair. "Fanny's" efforts to "outfox" the enemy as he says, and "Skull's" pointed explanations of why this is unlikely are quite interesting. In the midst of this growing tension in the unit, Robinson delivers several excellent and exciting descriptions of air-ground attacks on assorted targets.
Lampard begins the novel with an exciting raid on a German airfield and even briefly captures the intelligence officer, Schramm. Robinson's depiction of these raids gives great insight not only into SAS tactics of the period, but the type of men who excelled in this type of work. Lampard in many respects is the SAS leader par excellence - aggressive, physically impressive, cunning and ultra-competent. Unfortunately, Lampard has some flaws which may not be uncommon in the special operations community: he is a "risk junkie" who doesn't know when to quit and he lies to superiors and subordinates in order to cover up his mistakes. Like Barton's attrition tactics, Lampard's "risk tactics" seem preordained to eventual catastrophe, of course, with much bravery along the way.
Schramm starts out as a very interesting, witty character but gradually withers into a sour, introverted, pathetic sort. While Schramm and his peers do provide some tension in the novel with their "cat and mouse" game with Lampard, one feels that the SAS are never seriously threatened by Luftwaffe intelligence. Indeed, the one German effort to send a large patrol out into the desert to ambush the in-coming SAS patrols ends up in total and ridiculous disaster. The worst parts of the novel involve Schraam's involvement with an Italian female doctor - this goes nowhere and means nothing. On the Allied side, the antics of two reporters is also quite distracting and useless. Were it not for these distracting minor characters - who somehow elbow out the main characters in midstream - A Good Clean Fight would have been nearly perfect.
As usual, Robinson's humor is very dry and very dark, and is certainly the most compelling aspect of his novels. Robinson is able to show both the bravery and the stupidity in war, as well as just the sheer misery of trying to fight in blast-furnace heat, covered with flies. In a historical sense, Robinson also delivers insight into neglected facets of the desert war, such as the "Takoradi" trail the Allies used to ferry planes across Africa and the German air raid on Chad to interdict the trail.