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Indeed, from a historical perspective, the current crisis is really an anomaly. The modern feminist movement of the 60s taught that the only good woman is a career woman, and that homemaking and motherhood were to be despised and fled from. But interestingly, the women's movement prior to that fought for the right of a mother to stay at home with her young children, and not be conscripted into the paid workplace.
Thus the struggle for those in the earlier years of the women's movement was to protect women from the encroachment of market forces, and to prevent them from being forced into career at the expense of their families. Motherhood and homemaking, in other words, were seen as honorable and valuable ends in themselves.
But with the late 60s and onwards, the new wave of feminists took a totally different line: only in the paid workforce can a woman find meaning, freedom and dignity. Thus the vitriolic attack on mothers and the family. Betty Friedan therefore could call the home a "comfortable concentration camp" while Cosmopolitan editor Helen Gurley Brown could label a mother and housewife as "a parasite, a dependent, a scrounger, a sponger ' a bum".
A woman's freedom, said these feminists, meant that a woman should and could be independent both in the economic and the reproductive realms. Women just do not need men, and are better off without them. Establishing a career and gaining financial independence is the first goal of the modern woman. And millions of Western women bought this line of thought.
Of course now the inherent contradictions are coming all too clear. Women who were told that they could have it all are now fining that they have very little. They may have a good job, but they have no husband or boyfriend, no children and no family. And many today are deeply regretful of this fact.
But it is not just women who have suffered at the hands of feminist orthodoxy. Children have been the big losers. Millions of children today are being raised by strangers. Yet all the social science research shows that children desperately need their mums and dads. No day care system can ever compete with the love and attention of a mother and a father.
Yet as Robertson documents, while the social research on all this is quite clear, very few are willing to promote the findings, for fear of incurring the wrath of feminists and of making working mums feel guilty. So although the research is clear, that attachment is important for infants and mother-child bonding is crucial, millions of mothers are ignoring the evidence, and their maternal instincts, and are abandoning their children in droves.
The harmful effects of extended periods of time for young children in day care are well documented in this book. Even child care workers admit that they would not dare to leave their own children in day care. Yet many mothers have been so indoctrinated into believing that their needs and desires must come first, that they are offering their children second best.
And seeking to alleviate the problems by better day care, more workplace flexibility, or seeking to obtain an unobtainable balance between work and family just is not sufficient. And it is not just short-sighted governments offering these inadequate solutions. The corporate world in effect has bought the feminist myth as well that women can have it all. But the truth is, they can't have it all, at least not at the same time. Thus more corporate day care centres will not solve the bigger problems.
Indeed, the corporations are shooting themselves in the foot here. The really productive worker is the worker who has a happy and satisfying home life. But the corporate world, even with generous paid maternity leave policies, cannot stop the hemorrhaging of the family. Maternal deprivation is harmful to children, and unhappy children make for unhappy families, and unhappy families result in poor workers.
Governments also lose, as they seek to press women into the paid workplace, and do not deal with the root causes as to why so many families are forced to have two incomes. By bribing mums into the paid work place, whether by child care subsidies or other financial incentives, the growing problem of falling fertility rates, for example, will only increase. Less people mean less taxable income, and the inability to pay for expensive social welfare programs.
Thus both governments and businesses need to radically rethink what family-friendly workplaces actually mean. Robertson concludes by proposing some radical measures to put the interests of families first. These are predicated on the principle that human societies need the traditional family structure with a mother as the principal caregiver. Marriage and family are non-negotiable first principles. If that is accepted, then the following steps can be explored:
-Treat families as a unit in the tax code
-End "no-fault" divorce
-Replace the current welfare system with one that does not encourage illegitimacy and undermine intact families
-Pare back affirmative action legislation and programs
-Give all parents, not just those in the paid work place, child care credits or tax breaks.
These and other proposals, will help to ensure that real family-friendly policies are pursued. Yet Robertson knows that legal and economic change alone is not enough. The much harder cultural element needs to be addressed. But we have to start somewhere. And this volume is a good beginning point.
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The problems with this guide aren't necessarily the fault of the current author. Brian Lalor, an artist and archaeologist with some significant accomplishments to his credit, appears to be potentially well-qualified to take over the stewardship of this volume, which is now in its 8th edition. But a lot of the current text dates back to earlier editions and other authors, and thus it is hard to know who was originally responsible for some of the mistakes I noticed. Other mistakes reflect a failure to update this volume adequately. Given the sheer amount of data a Blue Guide includes, I'm sure that updating a volume is an incredibly daunting task. But some of the problems here are nevertheless hard to excuse.
For example, if you're interested in touring the Waterford Crystal factory, the text advises you (p. 202) of the following: that you have to apply at the main tourist office on the quay in Waterford (you don't); that tours are offered only on weekdays (this is wrong); that children are not admitted (they are); that photography is not allowed (it is, except in certain areas where the craftsmen are actually cutting the glass and don't need to be distracted by camera flashes); and that glass is not sold at the factory itself, but only in shops in town (actually, the company energetically hawks its crystal on the factory premises, and good buys are to be had there).
Even when I first read all this before arriving in Waterford, I found these assertions hard to believe. Yes, there was a time in Britain and Ireland when they would have been capable of being obtuse enough about commercial matters not to sell Waterford Crystal at its own factory, but I found it difficult to imagine that had been the case since, say, about 1985. And, indeed, this particular block (blot?) of blatantly erroneous text dates back to at least the mid 1980's - I found it in the 1988 edition of this Guide at the local library after returning from our trip. But it is a major embarrassment that it had not been corrected by the time this edition came out in 1998.
Another big complaint I had about this volume was the dearth of town maps. There are only 9 in this volume - Derry, Dublin, Galway, Limerick, Armagh, Belfast, Cork, Kilkenny, Waterford. In contrast, the Blue Guide to Greece has more than 70. At a minimum, this volume should also include maps of towns like Cashel, Tralee, Kilarney (and its environs), and Ennis, among others. There are some good maps of old priories, but there could stand to be even more. It is partly because of its abundance of useful town maps that I would recommend getting the Lonely Planet Guide in addition to, or even in place of, this one. (The Lonely Planet Guide is also very detailed and often more accurate about historical matters, locations of archaeological sites, etc. It definitely isn't just for the young backpacking set.)
Other illustrative errors and complaints:
(1) I passed on seeing the celtic crosses at Kilkieran because this Guide said they were mere "remains." Later I saw photographs of these crosses, and they appeared substantially intact.
(2) The Guide indicates it takes 30 minutes to reach Skellig Michael by boat from the mainland. Actually, it takes more like 90 minutes.
(3) The Index is incomplete and error-ridden. Skellig Michael isn't listed at all; Craggaunowen is on page 281, not 294; and some key people who have a number of references in the Guide (e.g., St. Brendan) are completely omitted.
(3) One of the easiest ways to reach the monastery island of Inchagoill in Lough Corrib is by boat from Ashford Castle in Cong, but the Guide indicates that boats are only available from Oughterard.
(4) There is often an absence of adequately specific directions to help you reach referenced sites: for example, how to reach Ross Erilly friary from the main road, or the ring fort where the Clare gold hoard was found on the grounds of Drumoland Castle.
That said, this volume still has a wealth of information. I did use it with profit on our trip, and I found Brian Lalor's pen-and-ink sketches throughout quite charming. If I could give this book 3.5 stars rather than 3 stars, I would. But if a book is part of the Blue Guide series, it has very high standards to live up to. And I'm afraid that the current edition of this Guide doesn't entirely measure up.