Ogilvie's brief text on this subject has been the definitive text on Roman religion for decades. Using extensive primary sources (all in translation)as examples, he demonstrates his thorough understanding of how the Romans worshipped, as well as how they thought about their religion during the Age of Augustus (covering the period from roughly 80 BCE and 60 CE).

Chapters include The Gods, Prayer, Sacrifice, Divination, The Religious Year, Private Religion, The Priests, and Religion in the Time of Augustus. Of particular interest is Ogilvie's presentation of private religion, a topic many more scholarly texts seem to overlook. His focus tends less toward a sterile look at Roman mythology, and more toward a vibrant overview of what Romans believed (or not, as the case may be), as well as how they worshipped both privately and within the state religion.

Of particular interest are Ogilvie's speculations as to what "went wrong" with Roman religion as their world expanded, absorbing countless influences and values from other civilizations, and ultimately, failing to provide for the basic spiritual sustenance of the individual.