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and the best introduction available to the thought of
Walker Percy--philosopher and novelist. It has become
a kind of cult classic.
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Of course, modernity has produced many great boons for mankind; the question, however, is whether the modernist drive for unending progress or some higher principle should have primacy in our society. Lawler sketches out that latter option in this book, though not to the extent that he does in PRU. That his alternative to modernist self-improvement, or postmodernism rightly understood, in his words, involves a return to Thomism, i.e. Catholicism, will no doubt scare off many readers (as an unbeliever, that includes me, to an extent). But, in good Thomistic fashion, Lawler argues that one need not be a Christian to appreciate the various critiques he gives of modern liberalism--though, naturally, it helps.
I have but two criticisms of Lawler's book; one is minor, the other major. 1) His writing style, like that in PRU, is a peculiar blend of hard analysis and softer rhetoric (I agree with the other reviewers who said Lawler does not scold but tease); nevertheless, it can make for a difficult reading at times. 2) As in PRU, Lawler here relies mainly on Walker Percy's works on semiotics in order to defend the dignity of human nature. Now, I've become a big fan of Percy (Aliens in America, in fact, introduced me to Percy's oeuvre), but if one wants to defend the unique nature of man against the rather significant evidence marshalled forth by modern biology in favor of man's non-uniqueness, one should rely on more than just ol' Walker from Louisiana. This is not to say that Lawler's arguments are wrong, but the defense of human uniqueness, and hence human dignity, requires a more thorough treatment than provided in this book, which is mostly political philosophy and cultural analysis. On these latter topics, however, Lawler shines.
In spite of those criticisms, I highly recommend this book, especially for liberals; if you're anything like me, it will make you rethink a lot of your premises.
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"Aliens in America" ranges widely--from Richard Rorty and Martin Heidegger to David Brooks's "Bobos in Paradise," from John Courtney Murray and Thomas Jefferson to the novelist Walker Percy--but perhaps Lawler's main foil is Francis Fukuyama, who after the fall of communism made famous the idea of the "End of History," and who more recently has speculated about questions of biotechnology in "Our Post-Human Future." To my mind, at least, Lawler gets the better of Fukuyama, showing how history can never come to an end, and how there can be no post-human future, because of the ineradicable human fact of self-conscious mortality. There is something genuinely profound behind the book's joshing title and sub-title.
Like Bloom's "Closing of the American Mind," "Aliens in America" will probably be understood as some kind of conservative book. But unlike Bloom, Lawler is no wailing Jeremiah, denouncing a hundred years of intellectual history and offering secular salvation only to a chosen few. Rather, Lawler's book is filled with wit and good humour and hope; and like Tocqueville, he can see with an unprejudiced eye both what is bad and what is good about modern America.
Heartily, even fervently recommended.
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He does so, moreover, in a prose style that is direct -- readers who have slogged through the ponderous obscurity of continental European theorists will give thanks! -- but also seriously ironical. There is humor, playfulness here, but it is playfulness with a purpose.
For those enamored of Foucault, Derrida, and company, not least of interest in this book is that Lawler reveals the genuinely philosophical dimension of American thinkers. The book takes aim at Richard Rorty and ultimately finds our best philosophical guide in the reflections of the Southern novelist Walker Percy.
With surprising formulations on almost every page, a reader with an interest in things post-modern may at first be tempted to dismiss an author who says such unheard-of things. But give this book a chance. You just might have to conclude that Lawler has it right after all.