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Nicely organized, good examples, and easy to read.
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John Waters does a fine job of presenting the story of Juan Rubio. Charles Evans is such an all-round great character. We are able to view a human side to these characters.
Now we wait with anticipation the sequel. Please, John, let there be a sequel!
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Gregory's observations are organised into explanations of seven laws (hence the title):
The Law of the Lesson
The Law of the Language
The Law of the Teacher
The Law of the Teaching Process
The Law of the Learner
The Law of the Learning Process
The Law of Review
His key insight is that knowledge is not a commodity that can be transferred from mind to mind in the way that a physical object is transferred from hand to hand. Thus teaching is fundamentally a conversation, and the object of the teacher is not to directly transmit knowledge. Rather, the teacher's goal is to excite the student to self discovery and to direct him or her in that process of discovery. The teacher should only resort to direct communication of the material when it is necessary to quickly provide context for the main lesson to be learned.
The stress upon review done properly is equally important. For Gregory, review is not successful if the teacher merely elicits a verbatim recitation of the lesson imparted. Review should be structured in a way that requires the student to have internalised the lesson and be able to apply it experientially.
Even though the book is thin, Gregory gives many practical tips for making teaching work and many of examples of what doesn't work. In fact, the thinness is a virtue. One can easily read a chapter in a very short sitting, but then spend the rest of one's day evaluating one's own teaching by his standards and pondering what changes could be made to improve one's teaching.
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Are you overwhemled or caught up in day to day events? Mr. Templeton's collections of various authors and his own works will explain sometimes difficult situations into easy to understand english. For example, lesson "No one knows the weight of another's burden" on page 20 is about the young man in a male therapy group.
The men were in a group session and the person in the story is a new participant. The mediator explained that each person would have a few minutes to explain his problem and what they plan to do about it. Natually, the new person thought with his marital break down, near bankruptcy and poor health, his would be one of the saddest cases.
Before it was his turn to speak, a handsome young man in his 20's revealed that he was terminally ill and had 6 months to live. Rather than dwell on it, he decided to take up flying lessons and live! Naturally, everybody else was taken off guard and rediscovered the gifts they have.
Templeton's 200 lessons in this book address almost every situation around. You don't have to be struggling with life to enjoy this. Everybody needs a bit of down to earth insiration and you'll have it with this!
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Mark Howell
AIC-Fire
Denton, Texas
The author writes clearly and the book is very readable. The text is accompanied by great photographs & illustrations.
What a relief to find this book after attempting to plow through some of the other texts on this subject. Highly recommended!
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Mr Hellard writes "Lott extends this idea by arguing that an entrant facing an incumbent with a reputation for toughness should take a short position in the incumbent's stock, enter, and reap trading profits" It's a good idea, but 1) not every company is quoted on the Stock Exchange ! and 2) the price variations of the stock can be dependent on many other factors besides the incumbent/entrant rivalry (especially nowadays...).
I agree that state-owned firms are especially prone to predatory pricing and other anti-competitive behavior. I have been working for 8 years in the French telecommunications market, and the French state monopoly (France Telecom) has always tried everything legal and illegal to stifle competition. Predatory pricing is one of France Telecom's many weapons.
Officially, the French market was open to competition in 1998, but in reality many key services have remained in the grips of France Telecom so far, which has allowed the behemoth to lower charges on competitive services, while charging sometimes the equivalent of 10 times the U.S. rate on some other vital services which are not yet fully open to competition (like leased lines).
As the Chicago School ideas triumphed in Washington, they came under attack in the academy. One source of attack was the new industrial organization (NIO), based on game theory, which was revolutionizing all areas of economics. More recently, the analysis of "path dependence" has formed a second prong of attack. The game theorists created a host of models showing that with certain assumptions about information, strategy, and the structure of the game, a threat to use predatory pricing could, in theory, be profitable.
John Lott's book Are Predatory Commitments Credible? Who Should the Courts Believe? is the second major counterattack from the Chicago School.
If firms accused of predatory pricing do not seem to differ systematically from the control group, is any firm capable of following a predatory-pricing strategy? In effect, could any organization commit to not maximizing profits, if only for a limited period of time? Lott's answer is that one group of firms can make such a commitment: publicly owned firms. The basic idea comes from Niskanen's model (William Niskanen, Bureaucracy and Representative Government [Chicago: Aldine Atherton, 1971]): publicly owned firms maximize size rather than profit. Lott gives several examples, but none hits closer to home than the public university, which must maintain enrollment in order to maintain the size of the faculty and therefore sets prices considerably below costs.
Lott's second type of evidence that publicly owned firms practice price predation is the fact that dumping cases-the international version of predatory-pricing complaints-have been filed under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade more frequently against firms from communist countries than against firms from noncommunist countries. Lott shows, therefore, that the NIO theory of predatory pricing makes sound predictions (hawks practice predatory pricing more than doves), but it has limited application to the private-enterprise system, to which its advocates intended it to apply.
Lott's third argument supplements the theory of predatory pricing. He extends Jack Hirshleifer's observation that inventors of public goods can internalize at least some of the value of their invention by taking long or short positions in assets whose price will change after the discovery is made public (see Jack Hirshleifer, "The Private and Social Value of Information and the Reward to Inventive Activity," American Economic Review 61 [1971]: 561-74). Lott extends this idea by arguing that an entrant facing an incumbent with a reputation for toughness should take a short position in the incumbent's stock, enter, and reap trading profits. In effect, the incumbent firm with a reputation for toughness finances the entry of its own competitors. The entrant can also make profits by exiting. If the entrant enters and finds that it cannot withstand the attack of the hawk, it can take a long position in the incumbent's stock, exit, and collect the trading profits. Either way, trading profits increase the incentive to enter because whether or not entry ultimately succeeds, trading profits allow the entrant to make a profit. As Lott puts it, "the more successfully a predator deters entry, the greater the return that trading profits create toward producing new entry. Creating a reputation to predate can thus be self-defeating" (p. 115).
Lott's trading-profits theory is alone worth the price of the book-a credit to Lott and an indictment of the NIO. One of the basic insights of economics is that well-established markets threaten rents. Lott's simple application of this wisdom ought to change the way economists think about antitrust cases and the way they are litigated both as private and as public cases. The notion that trading profits can mitigate or eliminate the private damage from predatory pricing should certainly give antitrust experts cause to worry about the efficiency of treble damages. I await the day when the defendant in an antitrust case will respond, "If my actions were predatory, why didn't the plaintiff just buy my stock short and use the profits to stay in the market."
The author, an attorney specializing in juvenile law and youth advocate, has prepared a guide to the juvenile justice system. The book's three sections examine what is done by kids, what is done for and to kids, and the future of juvenile justice. An appendix covers Federal involvement in juvenile law. A glossary is included. This book would make a good resource for civics classrooms.
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Don Kates is a former "Criminologist of the Year" award winner, as is Florida State University's Gary Kleck. Kates is lawyer specializing in civil rights, and was instrumental in writing the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Part of Kate's life experience that shapes his views today were the violent attacks on the civil rights workers by roving bands of KKK. The local police would not come to their aid, so Kates found himself standing armed guard around the homes of NAACP officials. The KKK wisely kept clear. Even given this, Kates had fallen for the gun controlers ruse, "Saturday Night Special" (SNS) which are claimed to be disproportionately used by criminals. Kates later researched the subject and found that the term got its start in the post Civil War south. The original term was actually "Niggertown Saturday Night Special." It was used to villify inexpensive firearms (the only ones the newly freed slaves could afford) and resulted in only well-made and expensive guns being legal. Viola! Blacks were slowly disarmed and easily attacked by the newly formed KKK. Kates discovered that criminals actually prefer high quality firearms (just like the rest of us) and wonders, if the SNS theory is true, what the benefit would be to arm criminals with more expensive weapons the didn't "blow up, jam, or were more accurate."
Kleck is another self-described liberal Democrat. He is a member of ACLU, Common Cause, and Amnesty International. He was so firmly anti-gun that his original study was admittedly started to show that guns in the hands of peaceful citizens were not used very often to stop crime. His final study found that they were indeed used at least 2.5 million times per year in face to face confrontations to thwart crime. For this work he won the Hindelang award (most significant work by a criminologist in several years).
Despite their pro-gun data, Kleck and Kates still think that "gun control" and "registration" is a good thing in general. I don't. To find out why, look into Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership. It was founded by holocaust survivors who saw Hitler confiscate Jewish firearms using registration data just before he killed six million of them.
The book is a refreshing change from the pre-programmed argumentation that characterizes most of the "gun debate". As a gun owner, I dislike the lack of intellectual honesty that is endemic in the anti-gun literature but I also recognize the repetitive, almost ritual pro-gun prose.
Kates and Kleck address the traditional guns'n crime issues but also say that some types of gun control are desireable (ones aimed at disarming or disabling people who've demonstrated membership in the "criminal class").
They address in some detail the intellectual dishonesty behind much of anti-gun "science" and the biases in much of the press coverage of the "gun debate".
It's a very informative and readable book. I recommend it highly.