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As I entitled this review, this is a must for every serious and lucid social scientist (by the way, to many domains of research as well). In the early years of the twentieth century, prominent psychologists such as Allport, Lewin or Murray advocated that research should concentrate on the individuals rather than on the variables. Contemporary scholars such as Block, Cairns, and Magnusson continue to try to convince the scientifc community of the necessity to undertake research based on the holistic, interactionist, and person-centered perspective. I read a lot peer-reviewed scientific communication, and as I see it, researchers continue te be reluctant in adopting a person-centered perspective in their research (Jack Block (2000) proposed a number of reasons for that) ...
Here at amazon, I have read a number of reviews about controversial books on topics such as intelligence, personality, adjustment problems, behavioral genetics, etc. ... But do you know that nearly the totality of the results we dispose to date in social sciences are based on variable-centered studies ... thus, we only know about the "average person" ... Before doing interminable debates about the average individual, we should make more research that help us to understand the person we want to understand ... after that, we could go on with great (and exciting) debate about controversial issues in psychology and other social sciences. Do you know that the statistical parameters on which many debates are based (the parameters of the "average person" in a given sample) often do not apply to any of the real persons in your sample ... think about that ...
By the way, modern statistical methods are very powerful tools and the person-centered analyses will not answer to all the quesstion we can have ...
If you are a researcher in social sicence, and particularly if you are a student (undergraduate or graduate) planning to make a career in research, please, please, read that book !
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The basic argument is that the US needs to exercise world domination, here spun as "benevolent global hegemony" and that there are a number of external obstacles which stand in the way and must be dealt with. These are Iraq, Iran, North Korea, China, the Middle East peace process and an independent Europe. In its clear and reasoned enunciation of strategy and future plans, it both rivals and surpasses the later chapters of Mein Kampf. Here is the game plan which must be read to understand where these people intend to take the world next.
If we ignore the desirability of this mission, its feasibility (the cost in money, lives and freedom) certainly merits discussion, but here the book is thin, relying on fairy story assumptions (budget surpluses!!!) and wishful thinking.
The one distasteful aspect of the book is the attempt to wrap the entire endeavour in the cloak of "American morality", understood as protecting citizen's liberties. This is breathtaking stuff from accomplices in the most extensive attempt to incinerate the Constitution in recent history.
Stripped of its ideological air cover and romantic fantasies, this is still an important, timely and lively document since this is the future course of foreign policy which the Bush administration plans to pursue.
The central thesis seems to be that the US is (or maybe WAS immediately after the Cold War) at an unprecedented position of influence and power over the world, and should use it to secure the safety of the whole world before those who wish to threaten the free world acquire the means to do so. The book was written at the end of the Clinton administration, but many parts of the book are extremely prophetic including the need to confront the members of the "Axis of Evil" about their efforts to acquire weapons of mass destruction and the palestinian uprising against the stalled peace process which had not yet begun when the book was written. Like I said, even if you're not in agreement with Bush administration policy, you'll learn what some of the influential minds are thinking (and why their right!).
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Clearly the rift between Europeans and Americans is deeper than many think, and clearly both sides have some serious issues to discuss. But I don't agree with Kagan's implicit conclusions - that the rift is almost impossible to heal and that Europe and USA have different roadmaps that are bound to clash an increasing number of times in the future.
Kagan is exaggerating the differences. Europe lacks the Americans' military power and is occupied with the European integration most of the time, but it does not mean that they will disagree in all important matters in the future. They still share the same visions. But I think that Europe, and especially France, feels a strong threat to be sidelined and ignored by America. Europe is not as important for America as it was during the Cold War. Instead, it is directing its interest towards Southeast Asia where the next superpower, China, is. Kagan's opening phrase - "It is time to stop pretending that Europeans and Americans share a common view of the world, or even that they occupy the same world" - more or less feels like an excuse to cut the old traditional ropes with Europe and start building new alliances that are better suited for the coming world order. If this is true both Europeans and Americans have a reason to be worried about the future, espacially as Kagan will start working for vice president Cheney this summer.
Kagan's historical analogies help to explain the responses of both sides of the Atlantic to a growing disparity in power and the ability to use power effectively. Of course those who are incapable of wielding geopolitical power would find the entanglements of multilateralism more attractive than the US who finds itself at the end of the cold war as the only power with the ability to use the hammer. Kagan objectively states that the danger in that unique ability is the tendency to perhaps view every problem in the world as a nail.
Having read this the events of the past few months in the UN and the reaction of Europe to the conflict makes more sense to me as part of a broader historical trend in US-European relations and not the suddenly appearing fissure that it may have seemed during the UN debates. We may well be at a turning point in history .Examingng these questions in such a logical and dispassionate essay is of great value in these turbulent days.
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