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While Sally, Peter, and Andy Grant stay on Crab Island alone, due to their father going off to a medical conference, many mysterious, emotional, and stressful things occur while their father is away.
This includes caring for a dolphin that has deep gashes due to a motorboat, Jan and Jon arguing with the Grants about the fact that they got there first, and finally, they witness a jaw-dropping boat tragedy, due to inexperienced sailing. What they eventually uncover about Gloria and Benito, who had the boat crash, becomes a horrific nightmare, no one ever wishes to live, [most wouldn't have lived through]!
I loved this book! I enjoyed it for many reasons. Dolphins are absolutely my favorite animal. I also liked the fact that it was on the Caribbean, so it made me imagine that I was actually there. Also every chapter ended with a problem, which really allured me to read on furthermore!
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In the first place, although it does indeed present us with the basic facts, they are so heavily fortified with what I imagine must be the author's own prejudices that the book is virtually useless as a serious historical record.
What exactly was it about William Jennings Bryan, I wonder, that drew such frequent and vicious attacks from this writer?
In the second place the author's research appears to be seriously inadequate. Compare this book with Prof. Edward Larson's brilliant study of the same material ("Summer for the Gods") - which includes close on 40 pages of notes and references - and "Six Days..." looks more like a sophomore's essay than the work of a professor of history.
And thirdly, because he was not content to simply record the facts, Ginger's work is now deeply scarred by the ignorance that still prevailed in the late 50's.
For example, though Ginger was indeed a professor of history, not geology, biology or any other of the sciences, he works hard to show how valuable the expert testimony of the defense witnesses would have been, had it been allowed. Yet it is those same aspects of the evidence which Ginger so staunchly defends which are now recognised as being totally useless, or worse, from a scientific stand point...
Or again, Ginger reminds us, with not a hint of doubt or qualification, that the "gill slits" seen in human embryos are a sign of our "aquatic ancestry". What we now know is that they aren't "gill slits" at all, but the rudimentary version of what develops into the middle ear, the parathyroid and the Thymus gland.
And the rout goes on. Ginger tells us about the significance of the numerous so-called "vestigial structures" (down from 180 in 1925 to less than half-a-dozen today); of crucial the evidence provided by homology (shown by microbiologist Michael Denton to be quite useless as evidence of evolution); and so on and so on....
Ginger's primary reference sources were the published stenographic transcript and Leslie H. Allen's edited version, along with the scrapbook files on the case of the A.C.L.U. and Kirtley F. Mather. Ginger made use of the available biographies of several participants as well as full-length studies of Fundamentalism and antievolution, histories of Tennessee, official records of the Scopes appeal, and books on various scientific and religious topics. Ginger also acknowledged several participants who shared their memories in interviews or through correspondence. Finally, in the interest of factual accuracy, Scopes himself read portions of the manuscript.
Ginger prefaces the trial with a quotation from Andre Gide on how Christian orthodoxy either absorbs or rejects any other truth, which clearly indicates Ginger's perspective on what happened in Dayton, Tennessee in the summer of 1925. The passage of the Butler Act and the other developments leading to the trial are detailed in "Law as Symbolic Action." William Jennings Bryan is considered in "Hot Rod Halidon" while Clarence Darrow is presented as "As Uncurried Mind." The trial is covered in five chapters each with an insightful title, with the chapter of Darrow's cross-examination of Bryan called "The Stillborn Miracle."
Ginger's most significant rhetorical aspect is his criticism of both Bryan and Darrow. Calling Bryan's undelivered speech "no mere lallation," Ginger wonders what Bryan hoped to accomplish in Dayton with "a supposed summation to a jury, begun long before he had heard the evidence or investigated the law, and disposing of those topics hastily." Ginger labels Darrow "Almost an anarchist," who "was certain of nothing," a position leading to a paradoxical mix of "skepticism and curiosity." Reminding readers that Darrow had repeatedly dismissed colleges as being worse than useless because "they destroyed compassion without imparting wisdom," Ginger actually forges a common ground between the extreme positions of the literalist Bryan and the agnostic Darrow. Although Darrow was more realistic and more democratic than his critics, Ginger faults the attorney for having ignored the majority. However, in the end Ginger must credit Darrow with providing ridicule as a major weapon against the fundamentalists.
At the end of "Six Days or Forever?" Ginger tries to maintain a balance between Bryan and Darrow and ends up advocating reading the Bible with a scientific and human mind. But even if Ginger perceived Darrow to be the lesser of two evils, Bryan still receives a substantial scouring through the book. Ginger strips Bryan's argument down to the syllogism: "Law, civilization itself depends on ethics. Ethics is derived from religion. Therefore government cannot be indifferent to religion." Ginger accepts the major premise, but argues that ethics was rarely regarded as a high law to be applied to government. I think Ginger's major accomplishment in "Six Days or Forever?" is his presentation of a more rational and less emotional foundation for assaulting Bryan and the antievolution position. Indeed, reviewers at the time praised Ginger for his unwillingness to dismiss the buffoonery of Bryan and the Tennessee yokels in the manner of H. L. Mencken, and most commented on the fact that he found Darrow's open-eyed skepticism to be as myopic as Bryan's blind fanaticism.
Ultimately, Ginger argues the Butler Act rested on the belief that truth could be determined by taking a vote, a belief rooted in a century of American democratic tradition. But while Ginger sees both Bryan and Darrow as propagating the Jacksonian bias that "one man's opinion is as good as another's on any topic," he also argues the overwhelming pressure of society is against this idea, pointing out that most persons hold opinions that point to conflicting decisions on most questions. In the end Ginger advocates a reconciliation of science and religion. However, his prediction that eventually evolution would be found to have nothing to do with religion, the fate of previous scientific truths challenged by orthodox dogma, has certainly not come to pass. While L. Sprague de Camp's "The Great Monkey Trial" provides the most detailed story of the Scopes Trial, Ginger is the first writer to really offer up an objective consideration of the trial in terms of its legal, social, and rhetorical ramifications.
This book changed the Scopes trial from something in "history," and thus far removed and abstracted from my everyday life, to something that might have affected my Grandfather, something that might have happened to people I know. Something that, given the recent decision of the Kansas Board of Eduction to drop evolution as a requirement for an accedited science cirriculum, could happen to my own children.
The book is choppy in places, with momentary digressions into detail that do seem to distract from the main point, but I'm not about to suggest I could have done better. I recommend this book.
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