It should be noted that George Gale was a Presbyterian minister, and held to the doctrinal stance outlined in the Westminster Confession of Faith. That Finney did not hold to the WCF is clear from his account of his ordination:
When they [the ordination committee] had examined me, they voted unanimously to license me to preach. Unexpectedly to myself they asked me if I received the [Westminster] Confession of faith of the Presbyterian church. I had not examined it--that is, the large work, containing the Catechisms and Presbyterian confession. This had made no part of my study. I replied that I received it for substance of doctrine, so far as I understood it. But I spoke in a way that plainly implied, I think, that I did not pretend to know much about it. However, I answered honestly, as I understood it at the time." (pp.53-54.) The Westminster Confession of Faith, while unashamedly Calvinistic, still contains an understanding of justification that all major denominations would agree on; even those who would reject its Calvinism. Thus, for Finney to repudiate the WCF shows his flaming heresy.
That Finney didn't have a grasp of orthodox theology is evident from the assessment of George Gale after hearing Finney's first sermon: "When I came out of the pulpit [George Gale] said to me:'Mr. Finney, I shall be very much ashamed to have it known, wherever you go, that you studied theology with me.'" (Finney refused a chance to study at Princeton Seminary, claiming financial hardship. When he was told his tuition would be provided for, he still refused, stating that the Princeton grads he knew, George Gale included, "were not ministers that met my ideal at all of what a minister of Christ should be" (pg. 47.) (Why Finney consented to study with Gale, when it was plain how he felt about Gale, and Gale's theology, is beyond me. But then again, how he could deny all the cardinal tenents of orthodoxy and still be licensed by Gale and others is also beyond me.)
There is much more to this book than the portion I have chosen to concentrate on, and it is all interesting. I am just happy to find, in plain English, and his own words, evidence of Finney's heretical beliefs. I am tired of people accusing me of slander when I charge Finney with heresy; now I can prove it. This book is full of fascinating history, bad theology, and juicy narrative. If you are a Finney fan or foe, you should read this book--you won't be disappointed.
Finney was used of God to birth revivals through intercessory prayer and preaching against sin in both America and England. Someone has said that 90% of his converts stayed true to the faith (about 10% of Billy Graham's stay).
In his Memoirs, written when he was in his 70's, Finney shares how God saved him, baptized him with the Holy Ghost, and immediately began using him in the conversion of souls. Formerly he was a lawyer, but he gave it up in order to become an evangelist. He tells stories from various revival meetings, including the humorous (and awe-inspiring) revival in the town of Sodom, with it's one righteous man -- Lot! He also shares how the Lord led him to give a series of lectures on revival, which were later published in book form and used by God to bring revival in various countries, including China through the ministry of Jonathan Goforth in the early 1900s.
If you're hungry for revival and more of God today; if the state of the modern church upsets you, then read this book.
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Every aspect of revival is explored including how:
* A revival is started
* How to implement a great revival after one is started
* How not to have a poor revival
* What should be done after a revival has run itâs course
If your looking for a strong work on what a church revival is I strongly recommend this. I personally am a fundamentalist and found this book to be very useful and truthful.
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That being said, when I first read the "Revival Lectures" it completely changed my life. Finney's presentation of the gospel is so much more challenging than the standard 20th/21st century version. This book transformed a generation in the 1800s. It also touched countless lives in the 20th century. (For example, the singer Keith Green was converted by reading this book.)
All this being said, I do not recommend this "modernized" version of the Revival Lectures. Their goal was to make the book easier to read (not that it was that hard to begin with). The language is far too "chatty" and loses all of Finney's style. It also outright changed the meaning of many sentences when you compare this book with the original-language edition. They took a great book and made it mediocre.
The book is also available from several websites in html or pdf form for free (in the original 1800s languge), and I know of two efforts to publish it in book form that will happen in 2003 (one in the original language, one a more conservative and faithful update). Best wait for those if you're looking to buy this classic in book form.
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My main hesitations in recommending this book are the almost gratuitous jabs the author takes at Finney and others that really take away from the scholarly feel. For example, after his conversion, Finney quit his practice as a lawyer and told a client (as he writes in his autobiography), "I have a retainer from the Lord Jesus Christ to plead his cause, and I cannot plead yours." Hambrick-Stowe felt the need to follow this up with the line "A famously witty utterance, it is also the kind of line that may have gotten better with each telling until it finally saw print" (p. 19). This type of cynical statement, grounded only in the author's speculation, almost ruined the book for me. He does it several times. Sometimes it's based on his opinion (as the above example). Other times, when there are two conflicting accounts, he will select one as the "correct" version and then put the other version in a bad light. He does this a few times with Finney's Memoirs. Charles Finney wrote his Memoirs (his autobiography) when he was in his seventies, about events that happened up to fifty years earlier. Interestingly, he asked his wife to burn it the day before he died. He never even intended his autobiography to be published! Though there are undoubtedly some errors in his Memoirs, it was actually a "prodigious feat of memory" as Hambrick-Stowe calls it (p. 292). Whenever Hambrick-Stowe finds a discrepancy in it, he should have been more charitable, realizing it was the work of a man in his seventies who did not intend it to be published. In general, I wish he had been less caustic in general, especially in the early parts of the book.
To his credit, Hambrick-Stowe does nicely set Finney in the historical context, and acknowledges the immense accomplishments and genius that Finney had. He ends with the appropriate quote from James Morgan that "There was in him [Finney], in prayer, the most remarkable power that I have ever seen in any human being."
The book Charles G. Finney by Charles E. Hambrick-Stowe is a biography of an influential nineteenth-century Christian, Charles G. Finney. Hambrick-Stowe writes of the ways that Finney influence on the people brought forth the spirit of American evangelism. The author looks at Finney as a typical American, and as a Spirit filled believer mixed into one. One of the major themes in the book is how this complex man, Finney, managed to hold together the very different religious beliefs. These beliefs were of Presbyterian New School-Old School schism, and the Calvinist and Wesleyan versions of the Protestant gospel. Another theme is about the effectiveness of Finney ministry and his way of preaching. Before his conversion Finney was an apprentice to a lawyer, and Hambrick-Stowe points out how this had much influence on the way that Finney preached. Finney began his preaching career in and around New York after the first Great Awakening, and before the Civil War. According to Hambrick-Stowe's account of Finney's conversion and preaching ministry, was anything but traditional. Hanbrick-Stowe continually points out different times that Finny broke with the traditional ways of preaching and went on to forge new ways to evangelize the American people with much vivacity. Hambrick-Stowe did not believe that Finney started the Second Great Awakening, but he was a major contributor influenced by preachers from the Great Awakening. His critical thinking skills and the poor preachers that he heard before his conversion helped strengthen his conviction to present the gospel with furor. Hambrick-Stowe makes Finney out to be the spark that lit the fire of evangelism. Because there was much turmoil in the church, and a lack of enthusiasm in preaching, Finney's style spoke directly to the people and brought on deep conviction of even the hardest critic. People responded to Finney's preaching because he used whatever method was necessary for the congregation. The greater the crisis in the community where Finney preached, the greater the response to the Holy Spirit. If a town or city were experiencing turmoil in any sense of the word, they would look to religion to lighten the burden of the social and economic status. Finney used this to his advantage in the pulpit. Hambrick-Stowe lets the reader believe that another reason for the effectiveness of Finney's preaching is due to Finney's personal interest in the people Spiritual wellbeing. In his ministry, Finney would go to different people's house to talk to them on a personal level, and to get a better understanding of them. He would talk to the local authorities and the religious leaders as well. Finney would encourage people to pray for the ministry, for penitents to give their lives to Christ, and for those who had special needs to come up to the front to be prayed for. Hambrick-Stowe tells us that another factor that contributed to Finney's influence was his message for all peoples regardless of age, race, or sex. Even during a time of heated theological debate between the denominations, Finney brought harmony where there was discord between people. Finney's role in the time was of a person who led the way for a new means of revival that continue today. His idea's of salvation for all persons was a new idea after the puritan and Calvinistic ideas of predestination. Finney encouraged door-to-door evangelism, personal testimonies in a service, and even women's testimonies. This is a good educational book.
Mind you when I've drifted a little from God I found Finney objectionable, to hard to take! but when I've gone down the track of James 4:8 "draw near to God and God will draw near to you, cleanse your hands you sinners, purify your heart you double-minded" then Finney speaks as one who has faithfully gone down that path before me and as one who knows how to give good clear instructions on how to progress effectively! Good bye dead-religion, hello God.
I also highly recommend his "Revival Lectures". I have learn't more on answered prayer, effectiveness, revivals and my relationship with God from Finney's books than any other (outside the Bible) and I have many many answers to prayer to suggest it isn't just theory or dead words.
Best wishes to all.