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If you love great food, you will love this book. The recipes are well written and, unlike so many other books from famous restaurants, it actually duplicates their original meals!
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I started crying two pages into this book, and the tears flowed throughout every aching page. David's pain and suffering is so tragically transmitted to readers that we can almost touch it. But only almost. It is so agonising, so raw, so heartrending, and so horrific, that if Susan Smith were in a room with me I would scream "Why?" repeatedly while pounding her body with my fists!
As I write this, there is a lump in my throat, my jaw is clenched, and the tears are welling up. It is instinctive; I simply can't help myself. I will never forget this story, this book, David, or beautiful and innocent little Michael and Alex. Nor should anyone else. Forgetting them would be like forgetting what it means to be human.
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(1) Dr. Vaughan has chosen to review only a select subset of the research on attitudes and adjustment. She proves that optimism is a good thing (and that we ought to aim for it) by reviewing only those studies that say that. As several other reviewers of this book have pointed out, the research is much more complex than that.
However, contra some other reviers, you cannot come to a correct view simply by reading Dr. Vaughan, then by reading persons of an opposite opinion, because x + (-x) = 0. If the people saying (-x) have correctly analyzed the entire body of literature, while x is based on a very selective reading of a subset of research, "balancing" (-x) with x produces error, not balance. You come to a correct view by seeing what an accurate meta-analysis of the research actually says. It may say (-x).
(2) Dr. Vaughan's manner of applying scientific findings to clinical or real-life situations boggles the mind. Dr. Vaughan leaps grandly from studies to "and so we know" this, that, or the other about clinical or real life situations. It just ain't so.
In scientific studies, we try to limit carefully the characteristics of our sample and the variables at work. Every semi-competent scientist knows that life is not like that. Hence, we do not extrapolate directly to real life-because real life contains all sorts of variables not included in our study, and people with all sorts of characteristics that we carefully excluded from our sample.
To get from science to real life requires careful, ever-widening circles of investigation, in which we add a variable or two, or a trait or two, at a time, carefully extending the scope of our hypothesis outward. Nearly always, this process of widening the circle of investigation results in changing the hypothesis-another reason that extrapolating wildly cannot claim to be "science."
(3) Finally, Dr. Vaughan has also forgotten the basic principle that science, by the nature of the case, cannot tell us how we ought to be. It can, at best, tell us how things are and how they work, and inform us of the respective outcomes of different actions. Science does not, and cannot, show that optimism (or pessimism) is "better" than any other attitude.
Consider an analogy: Suppose someone produced a study showing (a) that men are happier when women are submissive and deferential than when women assert themselves as equals, and (b) those women who accept that state of affairs have fewer stress-related diseases than those who do not. (Such a study would not be difficult to produce even today, and a few decades ago would have been easy to replicate over and over and over again.) Would we then conclude that "science" had "shown" that male dominance is to be preferred? Of course not.
The research on positive illusions raises far more questions than it answers, and to pretend otherwise is simply-well, I guess it's a positive illusion, and a good illustration of why this approach should be regarded warily.
Whether one is "Harvard-trained" or a bubba from the boonies, the principles of science remain the same, and Dr. Vaughan's book violates those principles.
So think individually about the previous reviewer suggestion: "contra some other reviers, you cannot come to a correct view simply by reading Dr. Vaughan, then by reading persons of an opposite opinion, because x + (-x) = 0. If the people saying (-x) have correctly analyzed the entire body of literature, while x is based on a very selective reading of a subset of research, "balancing" (-x) with x produces error, not balance." It is the compelling reality of individual differences in personality that matters = X works for you, (-X) works for me, Y works for my friend, Z works for your friend. So constructive pessimism fits some of us, but no single strategy fits all of us !!
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If Dr. Vaughan actually believes what she says here, Harvard ought to take back her degree. My freshman students know more about scientific method than this.
BTW, I am a strong believer in "the talking cure," but this book is no defense that any intellectually honest, aware person would ever recommend to anyone. I am just appalled. Beyond appalled.
It would be a VERY short list of her colleague neurosurgeons and scientists at Columbia-or of any neurosurgeons or scientists from anywhere this side of the looking glass-who'd sign on to a statement that they agree that her "talking cure" therapy is real neurosurgery, or real neuroscience, or anything remotely like any kind of science, or for that matter, anything remotely like careful rational thinking.
Some 2500 years ago the Greeks reallized that it could be of some utility to construct a kind of knowing called "logos" distinct from "mythos, " and a unique mode of constructing knowledge was set in motion. Authentic science is differentiated from other kinds of thinking by a rigorous, unrelenting attention to this distinction. Novelists, poets, playwrights, songwriters, storytellers, shamans, theologians, astrologers, schizophrenics, used car salesmen, creationists, politicians, criminal defense lawyers, alien abductees, young children, and "talking cure" apologists routinely ignore any such distinction.
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