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For those who read this book to find out how Jesus became God, they will discover it had to do the Nicene Council. This does not answer how Jesus actually did become God. As a historian, Runbenstein does not deal with this from faith. This faith is what caused the riots, the murders, the excommunications and eventually the split between not only the eastern and western Roman empires, but also between the eastern and western churches. One wonders how this is a work of God - from the faith perspective.
Reading this book can help to explain how today's broad spectrum of religious faiths can both unify and divide the world. Still Constantine, Constantius and others probably could name make any other decisions than they did. The complexity of conscience and political realities as well as raw survival is very hard to determine. People so the best they can.
The Arian controversy threatened to divide all of Christendom. Radical Arianism believed that Jesus was not God at all, while Conservative Arianism believed that Jesus became God by growing in wisdom and virtue. Interestingly enough, it was the Conservative Arians in the Eastern Roman Empire who believed that Jesus was not God by nature, but that he earned his deification by growing in wisdom and virtue.
The significance of this book is two fold. First, it illustrates the development of defining the nature of Jesus and how one group happened to win over the other group, but it could have had a different outcome if not for certain historical events. What Christians today take for granted as absolute truth is shown to have been a closely fought battle for hegemony and doctrine.
Secondly, it is only my own theory, but maybe there was some Buddhist influence in the Eastern Roman Empire that helped formulate the Conservative Arian view that Jesus grew in wisdom and virtue to the extent of deification. Rather than reach nirvana, Jesus reached godhood.
The historical struggle of doctrinal views in the early Christian Church should be fascinating reading for both Christian and non-Christian alike.
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