Most neurosurgeons and astrophysicists are busy constructing the future. Some of these overacheivers suffer from a mild mental disorder called hypergraphia and compulsively write stuff down. Fortunately Dr. William Clark suffers from hypergraphia and we benefit hugely because we can look into his mind by reading his books, and what a view it is. This book is essentially about mammalian immunology. Immunology is an odd subject to get because its quite dynamic, meaning its operation is determined by a wide array of parts. Clark's book is short, sweet and to the point. He covers the basics and proceeds with case studies that bring the lay reader close to his profession without having to spend years in postdoc research doing so. His opening account of the rancerous competition between France's Louis Pasteur and Germany's Robert Koch is fantastic reading for the bonified dork. Most interestingly, Clark primes us with some genetic engineering technique in his marvelous description of SCID, severe combined immune deficiency, and its concomitant 'magic bullet' cure based on the gene therapy associated with a monogenetic disorder; interesting stuff here. His coverage of autoimmune disorders alone makes this brief, action packed essay worth the price. Clark makes the mind numbing world of immunology a little bit friendlier here.

This is a fantastic book if you want to begin to know how your body and immune system work. From colds to cancer, It simplified and helped me to know how to begin the course of a natural cure. It put years of study about disease in real focus.

I read this book over 10 years ago, and have not forgotten it. It is a wonderful evocation of day to day life in a small English village during "The Great War". Not a description of the war itself, but rather of the life of the village people during the war, and how they were impacted by the events of war, this book fleshes out the war as it was lived by non-combatants. I highly recommend it.

Justice Brennan spent more than thirty years on the Supreme Court. He joined the Warren Court, decried by some as "liberal activists". He served with distinction there, on the Burger Court, and finally the Rehnquist Court (which some decry as reactionary conservative activists). On all three, he regularly was the man who spoke for the Court on many of the important issues of the times.

The enduring question is "How could this man mold and shape such disparate groups of Justices to the point where he wrote some of the most significant majority opinions of our time?" With typical modesty, Justice Brennan said, that he learned early how to count to five.

Rod Clark does a masterful job in his chronicle of the life, the influences, the context and the enduring legacy of Justice Brennan. He was a trail blazer in a host of areas of jurisprudence: First Amendment law, criminal defendants rights and women's issues. He has authored dozens of opinions affirming rights which we now take for granted. All this from the man who said "I don't expect to distinguish myself on the Court".

A true American original. The kind of person who helped make this country great. A wonderful and easy read.

As a result of decades of conservation research we now understand the basic underlying value and fundamental necessity of sustaining prairie wetland ecologies for the overall well-being of the ecosystem, with implications for wildlife habitation, and the impact of human activity (including agriculture) upon natural resources. Henry R. Murkin, Arnold G. van der Valk, and William R. Clark have successfully collaborated in summarizing the findings of the Marsh Ecology Research Program (MERP) in Prairie Wetland Ecology: The Contribution Of The Marsh Ecology Research Program, which also reflects the contributions from ten field experts. This comprehensive and long term prairie wetlands research project was a joint effort of Duck Unlimited Canada and the Delta Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Station. Prairie Wetland Ecology is a superb and highly recommended introduction to prairie wetland ecology research in general, and MERP in particular, as well as providing a superbly informative background for further ecosystem research.

Dr. Clark provides a good review of the field but fails, in my opinion, to provide a clear explanation for "The biological basis of aging and death". The theories of the evolutionary biology of aging clearly argue that "aging" cannot be "genetically programmed" or that "We are programmed to grow old and die" as other reviewers have concluded from reading this work. That points out the weakness in this book -- a failure to clearly differentiate between senescence, aging and death. There are two primary theories for why we age -- "the declining force of natural selection" (i.e. it is difficult to optimize a genetic program to produce non-aging organisms) and "antagonistic plieotropy" (i.e. the genetic program is optimized for reproduction at the expense of non-aging longevity). Dr. Clark seems to suggest that the genetic program for senescence is what causes aging and death. In fact the genetic program for senescence is largely an anti-cancer program. It may as a side effect contribute to aging and eventually death but its primary purpose is to prevent cancer. There is a very big difference between saying that aging and death result from an "incomplete" program and saying that aging and death result from a pre-programmed senescence program. One of my primary criticisms is Dr. Clark's pseudo-deathist philosophy. The tone of the book seems to suggest that aging is pre-programmed and cannot be changed. He says, on pg 218, "Will we want to go this far in our search for the fountain of youth? It is unlikely even to be proposed in the lifetime of anyone reading this book, but it is not at all beyond the realm of possibility." (He is speaking of the application of gene therapies to lifespan extension.) I have been proposing such methods for lifespan extension for most of the past decade and have conducted research and founded companies to forward these goals. The human genome is a program. It has bugs in it that result in aging. We can comprehend those bugs and apply patches to fix them allowing the extension of human longevity to the accident-rate limits which will be thousands of years. Individuals who really want to understand aging should read books by people who have studied the field for many years. The best authors, in my opinion, would be Steve Austad, Tom Kirkwood and Caleb Finch. While many of their works may be older than this book, they have a greater depth of understanding of the subtleties of the study of aging that this book fails to discuss.

This book embraces a rational and well explained journey in the field of aging. Here I read for the first time strong statements about the programmed nature death, that is present since fertilization. We learn the basic experiments that support Haldane theory about sex and aging and we appreaciate the beatiful connection between replicative senescence and species-specifc mortality. The book is clear and well readible and I strongly recommend it to science and non-science crowd.

Professor Clark has written a book that is detailed and accurate, and at the same time accessible to people untrained in molecular biology. If you are interested in increasing both the quality and the length of your life, read this book.

This book depicts the adventures of a man who, through circumstances of his life, becomes involved in the study of sharks and helps perform research about them. Of equal or greater interest are the chapters concerning his cave diving exploits and discovery of ancient human remains and artifacts in Florida mineral springs. A great read

The Man Who Rode Sharks was originally published in 1978 and is now republished by the Authors Guild Backinprint Editions through iUniverse.com, Inc. This book by Colonel William R. Royal (written with Robert F. Burgess) is about Royal's adventures and subsequent new discoveries in shark behavior and underwater archaeology. Actually, two stories in one, the first half of the book details Royal's work with sharks from the 1930s through the 1960s. He became fascinated with sharks from his first encounter with them in 1931 when he leaped into the water to catch a shark to feed his family during the Depression Years. During his travels in the military service he took up scuba diving and had more exciting encounters with them in the Pacific and Mediterranean Sea. After the war Royal was hired to capture sharks for a scientific laboratory. He became known as "the man who rode sharks" because that is what he did to capture them undamaged and alive. Usually he grabbed a nurse shark by the tail and let it drag him around until it tired (always making sure he stayed away from the head, of course). This enabled his catch to be loaded aboard a boat alive, a requirement requested by scientists doing research on squalene, a shark liver extract being investigated then as a possible cure for human cancer. The second half of the book is about Royal's most important contribution to science. When he moved to Florida in 1958, he became interested in Warm Mineral Springs and Little Salt Springs in the central part of the state. Up to this point no one had ventured very deep into these springs. Shortly after scuba gear became available in this country, Royal donned this equipment and started exploring these over 200-feet-deep springs. What he found there proved too unbelievable for the scientists of the day. Deep in Warm Mineral Spring beside prehistoric animal bones buried in mud on a forty-foot deep ledge, Royal found a human skull that carbon-dated to over 10,000 years old! And inside it was identifiable human brain material! Stalactites from the ceiling in the underwater spring indicated that this was once a dry cave, believed to date back to the last Ice Age. Since Early man was not thought to have been in Florida then, scientists of the day questioned the authenticity of these finds, especially since they had been made by an "amateur." Royal spent much of his life trying to persuade qualified underwater archaeologists to come to the spring and do a proper archaeological investigation of the sites. Eventually they did and toward the end of his life, the scientific community properly recognized the pioneering part Bill Royal played in these discoveries. Written in a narrative style by Robert Burgess, who dived these sites with Royal to photograph and record details of his achievements, he details Royal's incredible narrow escapes from sharks, cave-ins and dangerous depths. His style enables readers to relive the excitement of these adventures of a truly unique underwater pioneer. Anyone who thrives on fast-paced true adventure action will find this book a real hair-raiser!

This book is about many of the life stories of my step-father, Bill Royal, who was an amazing man, a self-taught underwater archeologist, and a walking library of information about diving and sharks. The book is of interest to scientists interested in underwater exploration, and to young people looking for an amazing true-life adventure. Bill (with the help of Mr. Burgess) tells about his early life and difficulties, his endless persuit of knowledge, and his love of diving, whether with sharks and to explore underwater archeological sites. Dr. Clark was a good friend, teacher and a diving partner to Bill. I am so gladd this book has been re-published as it will be of interest to a great many.

William R. Clark's book is well written and the "technobabble" is kept to a minimum but after awhile the book does get a little boring. All together, very interesting for someone who is new to genetics but old hat for the professional.

Coming from the computer field, but with a strong belief that molecular medicine is the next, and last big human undertaking, this book, in it's short 200 pages, provides an accessible, understandable model for thinking about what molecular medicine is and what it can become to humans. Very clearly written--you'll follow the details even if your last biology or chemistry class was in college. Too bad a book like this doesn't have a web site to which readers could turn for updates (anyone from the publisher listening??) This would be much more useful than some of the websites for the current crop of Java books! If you're tired of wondering what DNA and genetic research is all about--buy and read this book.

Not what it sounds like ~ some bizarre fetish manual ~ but an investigation by an apparently eminent immunologist and cytologist into the reasons that cells ~ and thus the animals and plants constructed of those cells ~ die. The sex comes in because at some point in the past, it would appear, in the choice (funny how one frequently speaks of evolutionary processes as animate) to mix the genetic material with the swapping of DNA (sex) implied the necessity of the death of the old DNA in order to pass on the new with a fair chance of survival. This is a really fascinating exploration, written for the layman, of some modern biology, cytology, molecular biology, thanatology, and even philosophy. Clark may be a professor, a department Chair in fact, but he can still write engagingly, simply, and pleasingly. I truly enjoyed learning here.

From the title and the synopsis, the book seems to be a serious science book. However, Clarke has adopted a style, which I thought was unusual for a popular science book, which linked up all the topics that he wanted to address very well. He started off the book with a hypothetical character who just sufferred a heart attack. He analysed this situation at the cellular level. He then carried on with the 2 types of cell death (accidental and programmed), some simplified description of cell workings and his thesis on the relationship between sexual reproduction and cell death. There was even a chapter on the definition of death for a human being. I found this chapter very interesting as various social, legal and scientific aspects of death are being considered. Clarke's writing style is easy to read and I would recommend this book to anyone who is interested in death at the cellular level.

From the outset what UCLA's Wm Clark reports is staggering; Death is "not an obligatory attribute of life" and did not appear with the advent of it. Cellular aging resulting in death may not have occurred for more than a billion years after life's first entry on earth. Programmed cell death (PCD) which we suffer (displayed through wrinkles and forgetfulness) seems to have arisen about the time cells were experimenting with sex.

Sex is an energy costly activity, engaged in because it rolls the genetic dice, inviting variations with each new offspring. An advantage because with environmental change what was well suited in the old world is often not suited for the new. Gene variations may result - through natural selection - in a few offspring amongst the dying progenitors that survive to save the species. For example, bacteria reproduce though cloning themselves, and can do so at a rate of 16 million per hour from one parent (take your antibiotics). But when the environment becomes harsh the parents spontaneously engage in sex, swapping genes with others as a gamble on survival.

In a description of catastrophic cell death Clark displays a talent to meet or exceed even Sagan's best - clear, rich, compelling. Here heart attack and the wonder of cell machinery resist the inevitable as systems and their back ups struggle to counter power failures and starvation in a chain reaction of failing miracles. Like a community, some components are wholly unaware of disaster while others sacrifice themselves transferring energy to last lines of defense - pumps stationed in cell walls countering a siege of water pressing in about to wash them away.

Such stunning, intentioned actions of this tiny, helpless, complex organism, the cell (of which we possess about 100 trillion - about as many cells as there are stars in the nearest 400 spiral galaxies including the Milky Way!) is starkly contrasted against our cell's decision to commit suicide. This happens when life is late, or as early as the womb when ancient relics of evolution are flushed out of us - like reminders of an ocean origin when interdigital webbing of our onetime fins are removed through PCD, leaving what's left between our fingers. Once the nucleus decides to pull the trigger, one last set of instructions emerge as its DNA begins disassembling. All the while a stack of unread instructions are being executed by unwary elements of the cell. The cell detaches from its neighbors, undulates, breaking into globules while still ignorant workers in these blobs work away, floating into a void where they are devoured by immune systems. Awful.

But there are rays of hope for immortality. "Growth factors" are given to cells like lymphocytes to put a safety on their trigger. And there are executioners in this tragedy, T-Cells. Having spotted an invader they do not murder the foreigner, they command the interloper to kill itself, orders dutifully followed. T-Cells know the security code. Paramecium dodge death by letting their macro-nuclei run the show while a micro-version lays dormant. After enough cell splitting, it has sex with another paramecium. Its macro-nuclei suffers PCD and the micro takes over as a newly minted micro-nucleus goes to sleep. Once eukaryotic cells (what we're made of) became multicellular, reproductive DNA would be not only kept in separate nuclei (as the paramecium) but in separate cells - our germ cells (sperm, egg). The rest of us, our bodies, are their guardians, not only redundant and irrelevant but we turn dangerous with too many divisions. When our germ cells meet others, clocks are reset just as they are for paramecium. Sex can save our germ cells but it cannot save us.

These growth factors, security codes, telemeres or some other mechanism may finally be commandeered to salvage us from oblivion. For now, as Clark writes, we must die and there are many mechanisms built into us to make sure we do. Death does not just happen, it is worked toward, with safeguards to assure cells don't backslide into immortality - as cancer cells do, a recipe for disaster. The winner is our species because germ cells are immortal through sex as we contribute molecular chains of ourselves to the future and whoever is made of us. Clark reveals this and so much more. A pure joy to read.

I loved Clark’s “Sex and the Origin of Death” and “At War Within”. By comparison, I was disappointed in Hardwired. It is a serious , very informative book, and I believe you can trust Clark. The earlier chapters, about one celled animals, a worm, and a fly, were brilliant, and a lot about the basis of human behavior may be learned from them. The material in the first chapter about studies of twins separated at birth is provocative. The problem is that once Clark, or was it Grunstein, got to vertebrates, the material was just not well integrated. Too often the book read as a series of summaries of successive findings, some of which were inconsistent. Yes, Clark had some overarching themes, repeated a number of times, but that doesn’t replace a good synthesis. There is much that is partially understood at best, and a lot of research which casts light only on a small piece of the puzzle, making a good synthesis more difficult for conscientious authors, but that just makes their job harder, not impossible. Bottom line: if you are interested in the subject AND in science, including technical details, read this book, until a better one comes along.

This book takes on the really big questions about human existence: Is our behavior controlled by our genes, our environment or both? Is our behavior genetically dictated? If so, what can (or should) we do about it? This book actually makes some headway in resolving these questions and others like them and has the added attraction of giving you a survey of the science in this area.

This book sat on my coffee table unread for six months because I harbored two opposing fears about reading it: On the one hand, I thought that the technical scientific details would be daunting, and on the other, I feared that this was an area that was not capable of intellectual resolution, that nothing of importance to understanding the human condition could be learned in this area. I was wrong on both counts. This book is a great introduction to what science has learned about the role of genes in human behavior and it is presented in a manner comprehensible to the lay reader.

The first half of the book is devoted to the study of the behavior of comparatively simple creatures, round worms, Drosophila, sea slugs, etc. By analyzing simplified nervous systems, the authors are able to explore some simple relationships between genes and behavior. Then, in the second half, these same relationships are explored in more advanced creatures and in humans. The authors make clear the limits of the extension of these principles to more complex settings, but they were able to convince me of the appropriateness of the application of these studies to more complex species.

The conclusions that the authors draw are not simplistic. The complex interplay of neurotransmitters is effectively developed and the possibility of multiple behavioral and neural antecedents to behavior is acknowledged. Still the same the reader will be awed, both by the genetic and neural science and by the implications for the human condition.

In short, this is exactly the kind of book that will rock you back in your chair, stunned by the complexity and wonder that is the human neurological system.

The authors are not your average community med tech or physician but University research professionals. Dr Clark with UC at Los Angeles' Dept of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology and Dr Grunstein at UCLA's School of Medicine and Molecular Institute. The book is just over 300 pages and cover a variety of issues from the evolutionary origins of behavior, genes and behavior, the evolution of learning and memory, the role of neurotransmitters in human behavior, the genetics of aggression, eating disorders, substance abuse, mental health, sexual preference and the environment and free will.

Chapter 13 which deals with The Genetics Of Sexual Preference is interesting since they wisely note what many of us bisexual women have always known, which is that "Women show a much broader spectrum of preferences, with a much higher percentage of nonheterosexual women showing varying degrees of bisexuality." And I was enthralled with the information about Charles Darwin's cousin Francis Galton who coined the phrase "nature Vs nurture." Galton is someone I greatly admire. The notation of the value of eugenics is valuable.

Page 293 "What if we define the alleles of other genes that play a major role in aggressiveness, or criminality, or homosexuality? Almost certainly there will be at least a few individuals who will want to use this new information to manage their own reproductive affairs. Past history tells us that if such people gain political power, they may also try to impose their views on societies as a whole. How do we stop that from happening? ...."

Was bothered they included homosexuality mixed with issues like aggressiveness and criminal issues since sexual pleasure isn't a crime between consenting adults. Anymore that enjoying fine food, wine and music is.

I have checked out many books on analysis. Many don't even come close to the way Prof. Clark describes elementary analysis. The examples he gives are very good. They won't drive you to crazy :) The explanation of the topics disussed is quite good. I have used Spivak's text Calculus. In comparsion, though Spivak tends to be a bit more verbose. He does give a lot of examples. Colin's explainations tend to be a bit terse but it is still very under standable. I bought this book 'cuase I like it better than Spivak's text. Any book that has a chapter called "Three Hard Theorems" might scare you away. Buy the book by Wilson !