For anyone who has been thrilled by any of Laing's books, as I had been, reading a biography of Laing can be a sad experience. Burston doesn't shrink from the disappointing aspects of Laing, but he finds great and continuing value in Laing's work while also reminding us of Laing's better side.

Burston has divided the biograpy roughly in half. First comes the standard chronological presentation, then an analysis of Laing's thoughts and concerns. This meaty but quite readable analysis includes assessment of Laing's philosophical assumptions, his position on psychoanalysis, and his place within psychiatry.

Burston effectively reminds us that, whatever his failings and however large his fall from popularity, Laing's work still presents challenges and promises values which we would be foolish to ignore. Blessed with a great mind, R.D. Laing also forged a wonderful heart: too many other therapists forget that our suffering needs both.

This really should be read along with the biography by hy Ronald Laing's son, Adrian Laing. Adrian Laing is much more critical. Although he is a lawyer and Burston a psychologist, I think Adrian Laing shows more understanding of RD Laing's place in psychiatry. Both books are very readable (which is the reason for the 5 stars) because Laing's life makes makes a good story.
By the end of the 1960's Laing was a dinosaur rather than an innovator. He was still blaming parents for their children's mental illness and advocating treating schizophrenia without medication. When I came to America in 1963 psychanalysis was dominant in psychiatry here. By the time time Laing died in 1989, psychanalysis was no longer taken seriously by most psychiatrists. I suspect that part of the reason for Laing's tragic self-destructive behavior came from the dawning realization that his treatment methods did not work for schizophrenia. Unlike Bateson and many of the American neo-Freudians, who were not MD's, he was a psychiatrist who undertook clinical responsibilities. Having set himself up, or been set up, as an omniscient healer he found he could not help those who turned to him.

Daniel Burston, a professor in the existential-phenomenological psychology program at Duquesne University and a respected Laing scholar, has put together a very well-written, interesting, but uneven work on the manifold ways in which Laing's thought can be connected with psychotherapy. After reading his excellent, rigorously intellectual biography of Laing, _The Wing of Madness_, I had expected to find in the _Crucible of Experience_ an equivalent depth of scholarly knowledge and clarity. And some sections of the book do possess this. The chapter on normality and the numinous, for instance, offers a very patient and careful teasing-apart of the many meanings of "normality" and how Laing treated these different meanings in his understandings of mental disorder. Other sections, however, were not as impressive. The chapter on Laing's roots in existentialism and phenomenology, for example, was far too reliant on secondary sources, and its summaries of the views of the various existential and phenomenological philosophers often felt curt and staccato. One more serious problem I had with this work was that it mostly ignored Laing's conceptualization of what he termed "knots:"- contradictory, paradoxical, and entangling patterns of relatedness that create vicious circles. (see Laing's own book _Knots_) From my perspective, "knots" are probably the most relevant element of Laing's thought for psychotherapy, thus, their omission is rather glaring. Overall, however, Burston's book is a well-written, enjoyable, and thoughtful journey through the labyrinths of Laing's thinking.