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LUIS MENDEZ
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Virgilio Krumbacher
Que autoridad me ampara a mi un escritor de oscura estirpe a dedicar una parte de mis esfuerzos y devaneos literarios a escribir sobre el quijote?. No lo sé, y aun menos que otro puedo hablar pues no he osado terminar la tarea de leerlo. No sé que me detiene ante este clásico, es muy bueno en las partes que he leído, pero quizás su fama es lo que me no he ha dejado en paz para sentarme a leerlo y por eso he hecho como el mal amante o como el marino que deja la novia en el puerto y zarpa por otros rumbos. Esta novela, marca una división, un comienzo y un fin en las letras españolas y es increíble que tanta genialidad tuviera espacio en un hombre, que supo ver la vida desde las mazmorras, pues barrotes no hacen cárceles ni paredes fronteras para una imaginación que germina como pasto salvaje. Estamos llenos de quijotadas algunos, como yo que pretendo llegar a la cima a fuerza de lecturas y puedo quedar si la fortuna y una mano amiga no me ampara cazando molinos, que quien no es tonto se da cuenta de que los molinos de ahora no usan el viento, pero llevan señales por todo el orbe. El quijote debe usarse y reusarse, interpretarse y reinterpretarse a la luz de las modernas sanchezas de un pueblo que como Sancho sigue dormido a unos quijotes mucho menos sinceros detrás de una dulcinea de color verde que no es una marciana.... Lupus est homo homini ahora y siempre.
Luis Mendez
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His third person narrative makes it interesting and allows Amin to voice his own thoughts throughout.
It is full of regional colors, characters and history, so typical of most of his writing. Quintessential Mediterane.
I was shocked to find out that his "Balthasar's Travels" is yet to be pubished here. I read the translation, it is a magnificient epic through medival Europe and Middle East, highly recommended also when it comes out this year. Amin is a master of historical context.
The heros of this book live a love story punctuated by wars, family tragedies and cultural and religious tensions. Most of the background events are the ones that have actually dominated our news for decades, but these folks actually live through it. In the end, their love seems to be the only thing that survives, or is it?
Highly recommended for a relaxing and warm reading that leaves a lasting taste and memory.
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Thus, despite Mr. Martel's comments to the contrary, the admixture seen in North Africans today is not so much the result of slaves (modern admixture) as it is the result of both modern admixture as well as ancient admixture - admixture which took place LONG before the Arabs ventured anywhere near the region. As for the Egyptians, they were from the same stock as the rest of North Africa and they almost always depicted themselves as brown and intermediate between and separate from both the white people of the North (Europe), the light skinned Semites (Middle East), and the darker, more Sudanese people of the South (Nubia).
Mr. Martel is not completely wrong in so far as SOME of these Middle Eastern migrants had blonde hair and light eyes (a few individual Lybians were depicted this way). But, such features were most probably seen at the same rate theyre seen in Middle Easterners and North Africans today. Neither people, however, are "Nordics", and to assume they descend from Nordics based on hair color alone is ridiculous. Blondism occurs in Aborigines... are we to believe they descend from Nordics as well? Somehow, I think not.
The book follows with an exposition of their data analysis method. The main issue is the distance measure for the genetic data, something new for me. Otherwise, they use standard methods of data mining / pattern recognition : design of classification trees, and clustering with principal component analysis (PCA, for which the authors use the PC acronym).
Then, after 60 pages, come their results, which make the rest of the book, 300, p, that is most of it. It is way too much to review in detail, I will make general comments.
Globally, when dealing with the main racial groups, their findings are corroborations of what was already known or supplementary information. The PCA gives a mapping corresponding to the main racial groups (Africans, Australoids, Mongoloids, Euripids.) .After 200 000 years of existence (at about -200 000), our African ancestors start to move northwards and evolve into the common ancestor of the non-African races. 100 000 years later, at -110 000, occurs the split between the Australoids and the Eurasian. And then at -80 000 the split between Mongoloids and Euripids, Europeans appearing very lately, at -20 000.
In the remaining 200 pages, the authors deal with each local populations, proceeding continent by continent, and comparing the local races together. Interestingly, they add a lot of environmental and cultural information. But here they miss the most relevant, namely the history and anthropology that is relevant to the given population, which makes them miss important considerations and analysis. For example they seem to believe that the Basque are an ancient Indigenous population, failing to know the well established facts that they arrived very late (in the 8th century) and are believed to have come from the Caucasus. It would have been interesting to compare the Basques with the populations of the Caucasus, instead of comparing them with the native Western Europeans. Or they fail to know that the native populations of North-Africa (Berbers, Kabyls, etc.) were very blond and tall Nordic people, as is attested by the Egyptian, Greek and Roman antic sources, as well as by their Arabs conquerors. And when the Spanish conquered the Canari Island, the Berbers (Ganches) they found there were also Nordics. The genetic change of the North-African population occurred after the Arabs imported many African (Negroids) slaves, as they did in many other places, like Egypt, Palestine, etc. This the authors ignore, speaking only of the Arab genetic influence (which was probably insignificant.) It would have then relevant to compare the North-Africans with the Nordics and with the Negroids, and see how close they are to each, and the same for those Berbers populations in the mountain who did not so much racially mix and often have light hair of eyes. To their credit, the authors find out with their genetic analysis that the North-Africans have Caucasoid ancestors.
In conclusion, this book is a mine of interesting data analysis. It would have been though quite better if the authors had teamed up with historians competent in the field of racial history, or with true anthropologists (anthropology having becoming ethnology.) Let's hope that the next similar book, which will exploit the data of the human genome, will be able to improve this. Anyway, human diversity, as long as intermixing does not destroy it, is a thrilling subject that illuminates history, as this book shows.
While the heft even of the abridged version is imposing, the component parts are manageable for those who already have basic statistical knowledge or who are willing to pay attention to the author's explanations. The world's populations are addressed in geographic chunks, and then at various appropriate points, more general conclusions drawn from the pieces.
Given the advances in genetic research acheived since publication, the model may ultimately prove more valuable than the particular contents...but for this decade the contents are fascinating.
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Yes, at first it may be difficult for the eyes to get accustomed to the omition of puncuation, but eventually everything is forgotten and you are in the midst of a bold, creative endeavor. I'm not quite sure that the new form adds to the story (perhaps I need a second reading) but it adds an attraction. Finally, a fiction that is not concentrating on breaking plot cliches, but rather breaking overhyped-grammatical stereotypes.
La novela es simplemente genial.