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An experimental scientist who writes in a very easy-to-read way, professor Altemeyer (Univ. of Manitoba) has reworked the concept of authoritarianism, removing it from the Freudian view into a research-based social learning theory.
Authoritarianism is made of up three attitudinal clusters: submission to authorities, aggressiveness directed in accordance with the sanctions of authorities, and adhering to social conventions. Authoritarianism is researched with respect to topics such as punishment, prejudice, religion, political affiliation, education, and social status.
Important questions are considered in chapters, including why a person becomes authoritarian, how their aggression develops, the influence of religion, its relation to politics, and how we can protect ourselves from authoritarianism. Authoritarian aggressiveness seems to be related to a)fear of a dangerous world and b)self righteousness. We can help protect against authoritarianism by emphasizing the value of freedom, encouraging higher education especially in the liberal arts. The media can help by its coverage of crime, and religions can help by devaluing self righteousness.
Altemeyer includes the details of how he did his research and the individual questions in his survery forms, so if readers want to go survey all their relatives and friends (in secret!) they can!
If you're interested in people and personality, if you can read at the high-school level, or if you wonder about experimental psychology, then you'll find much of interest here.
Finally, Altemeyer is a character, once lying to his students that he was a homosexual to see if that would affect their responses to his survey on authoritarianism. In his Acknowledgements, he (jokingly) says that the reviewers of his manuscript "are responsible for all of the errors that you detect." He personally paid for nearly all the costs of his research, and scientific journal editors avoided publishing his findings. Yes, Altemeyer is a character!
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This book is a more-updated version of Altemeyer's ENEMIES OF FREEDOM, which won the Behavioral Science Prize from the American Association for the Advancement of Science. However, it is not by any means a revised edition--it is a new work. Both books are phenomenally well-written, in a style that is both clear and engaging, and organized well. Both would probably have become national, if not international, bestsellers if only they had been promoted reasonably well, which neither was.
It is rare that the virtues of scientific professionalism and popular-appeal attractiveness are combined together. This book, like ENEMIES OF FREEDOM, is such a work. Anyone who wants to understand religious fundamentalism, political conservatism, or bigotry, cannot do better than to start with either of these two masterpieces by Altemeyer.
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